author_facet Niederreither, Karen
Vermot, Julien
Schuhbaur, Brigitte
Chambon, Pierre
Dollé, Pascal
Niederreither, Karen
Vermot, Julien
Schuhbaur, Brigitte
Chambon, Pierre
Dollé, Pascal
author Niederreither, Karen
Vermot, Julien
Schuhbaur, Brigitte
Chambon, Pierre
Dollé, Pascal
spellingShingle Niederreither, Karen
Vermot, Julien
Schuhbaur, Brigitte
Chambon, Pierre
Dollé, Pascal
Development
Embryonic retinoic acid synthesis is required for forelimb growth and anteroposterior patterning in the mouse
Developmental Biology
Molecular Biology
author_sort niederreither, karen
spelling Niederreither, Karen Vermot, Julien Schuhbaur, Brigitte Chambon, Pierre Dollé, Pascal 1477-9129 0950-1991 The Company of Biologists Developmental Biology Molecular Biology http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.129.15.3563 <jats:p>Numerous studies, often performed on avian embryos, have implicated retinoic acid (RA) in the control of limb bud growth and patterning. Here we have investigated whether the lack of endogenous RA synthesis affects limb morphogenesis in mutant mouse embryos deficient for the retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2/Aldh1a2). These mutants, which have no detectable embryonic RA except in the developing retina, die at E9.5-E10 without any evidence of limb bud formation, but maternal RA supplementation through oral gavage from E7.5 can extend their survival. Such survivors exhibit highly reduced forelimb rudiments, but apparently normal hindlimbs. By providing RA within maternal food, we found both a stage- and dose-dependency for rescue of forelimb growth and patterning. Following RA supplementation from E7.5 to 8.5, mutant forelimbs are markedly hypoplastic and lack anteroposterior (AP) patterning, with a single medial cartilage and 1-2 digit rudiments. RA provided until E9.5 significantly rescues forelimb growth, but cannot restore normal AP patterning. Increasing the RA dose rescues the hypodactyly, but leads to lack of asymmetry of the digit pattern, with abnormally long first digit or symmetrical polydactyly. Mutant forelimb buds are characterized by lack of expression or abnormal distal distribution of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) transcripts, sometimes with highest expression anteriorly. Downregulation or ectopic anterior expression of Fgf4 is also seen. As a result, genes such as Bmp2 or Hoxd genes are expressed symmetrically along the AP axis of the forelimb buds, and/or later, of the autopod. We suggest that RA signaling cooperates with a posteriorly restricted factor such as dHand, to generate a functional zone of polarizing activity (ZPA).</jats:p> Embryonic retinoic acid synthesis is required for forelimb growth and anteroposterior patterning in the mouse Development
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title Embryonic retinoic acid synthesis is required for forelimb growth and anteroposterior patterning in the mouse
title_unstemmed Embryonic retinoic acid synthesis is required for forelimb growth and anteroposterior patterning in the mouse
title_full Embryonic retinoic acid synthesis is required for forelimb growth and anteroposterior patterning in the mouse
title_fullStr Embryonic retinoic acid synthesis is required for forelimb growth and anteroposterior patterning in the mouse
title_full_unstemmed Embryonic retinoic acid synthesis is required for forelimb growth and anteroposterior patterning in the mouse
title_short Embryonic retinoic acid synthesis is required for forelimb growth and anteroposterior patterning in the mouse
title_sort embryonic retinoic acid synthesis is required for forelimb growth and anteroposterior patterning in the mouse
topic Developmental Biology
Molecular Biology
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.129.15.3563
publishDate 2002
physical 3563-3574
description <jats:p>Numerous studies, often performed on avian embryos, have implicated retinoic acid (RA) in the control of limb bud growth and patterning. Here we have investigated whether the lack of endogenous RA synthesis affects limb morphogenesis in mutant mouse embryos deficient for the retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2/Aldh1a2). These mutants, which have no detectable embryonic RA except in the developing retina, die at E9.5-E10 without any evidence of limb bud formation, but maternal RA supplementation through oral gavage from E7.5 can extend their survival. Such survivors exhibit highly reduced forelimb rudiments, but apparently normal hindlimbs. By providing RA within maternal food, we found both a stage- and dose-dependency for rescue of forelimb growth and patterning. Following RA supplementation from E7.5 to 8.5, mutant forelimbs are markedly hypoplastic and lack anteroposterior (AP) patterning, with a single medial cartilage and 1-2 digit rudiments. RA provided until E9.5 significantly rescues forelimb growth, but cannot restore normal AP patterning. Increasing the RA dose rescues the hypodactyly, but leads to lack of asymmetry of the digit pattern, with abnormally long first digit or symmetrical polydactyly. Mutant forelimb buds are characterized by lack of expression or abnormal distal distribution of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) transcripts, sometimes with highest expression anteriorly. Downregulation or ectopic anterior expression of Fgf4 is also seen. As a result, genes such as Bmp2 or Hoxd genes are expressed symmetrically along the AP axis of the forelimb buds, and/or later, of the autopod. We suggest that RA signaling cooperates with a posteriorly restricted factor such as dHand, to generate a functional zone of polarizing activity (ZPA).</jats:p>
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author Niederreither, Karen, Vermot, Julien, Schuhbaur, Brigitte, Chambon, Pierre, Dollé, Pascal
author_facet Niederreither, Karen, Vermot, Julien, Schuhbaur, Brigitte, Chambon, Pierre, Dollé, Pascal, Niederreither, Karen, Vermot, Julien, Schuhbaur, Brigitte, Chambon, Pierre, Dollé, Pascal
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description <jats:p>Numerous studies, often performed on avian embryos, have implicated retinoic acid (RA) in the control of limb bud growth and patterning. Here we have investigated whether the lack of endogenous RA synthesis affects limb morphogenesis in mutant mouse embryos deficient for the retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2/Aldh1a2). These mutants, which have no detectable embryonic RA except in the developing retina, die at E9.5-E10 without any evidence of limb bud formation, but maternal RA supplementation through oral gavage from E7.5 can extend their survival. Such survivors exhibit highly reduced forelimb rudiments, but apparently normal hindlimbs. By providing RA within maternal food, we found both a stage- and dose-dependency for rescue of forelimb growth and patterning. Following RA supplementation from E7.5 to 8.5, mutant forelimbs are markedly hypoplastic and lack anteroposterior (AP) patterning, with a single medial cartilage and 1-2 digit rudiments. RA provided until E9.5 significantly rescues forelimb growth, but cannot restore normal AP patterning. Increasing the RA dose rescues the hypodactyly, but leads to lack of asymmetry of the digit pattern, with abnormally long first digit or symmetrical polydactyly. Mutant forelimb buds are characterized by lack of expression or abnormal distal distribution of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) transcripts, sometimes with highest expression anteriorly. Downregulation or ectopic anterior expression of Fgf4 is also seen. As a result, genes such as Bmp2 or Hoxd genes are expressed symmetrically along the AP axis of the forelimb buds, and/or later, of the autopod. We suggest that RA signaling cooperates with a posteriorly restricted factor such as dHand, to generate a functional zone of polarizing activity (ZPA).</jats:p>
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spelling Niederreither, Karen Vermot, Julien Schuhbaur, Brigitte Chambon, Pierre Dollé, Pascal 1477-9129 0950-1991 The Company of Biologists Developmental Biology Molecular Biology http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.129.15.3563 <jats:p>Numerous studies, often performed on avian embryos, have implicated retinoic acid (RA) in the control of limb bud growth and patterning. Here we have investigated whether the lack of endogenous RA synthesis affects limb morphogenesis in mutant mouse embryos deficient for the retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2/Aldh1a2). These mutants, which have no detectable embryonic RA except in the developing retina, die at E9.5-E10 without any evidence of limb bud formation, but maternal RA supplementation through oral gavage from E7.5 can extend their survival. Such survivors exhibit highly reduced forelimb rudiments, but apparently normal hindlimbs. By providing RA within maternal food, we found both a stage- and dose-dependency for rescue of forelimb growth and patterning. Following RA supplementation from E7.5 to 8.5, mutant forelimbs are markedly hypoplastic and lack anteroposterior (AP) patterning, with a single medial cartilage and 1-2 digit rudiments. RA provided until E9.5 significantly rescues forelimb growth, but cannot restore normal AP patterning. Increasing the RA dose rescues the hypodactyly, but leads to lack of asymmetry of the digit pattern, with abnormally long first digit or symmetrical polydactyly. Mutant forelimb buds are characterized by lack of expression or abnormal distal distribution of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) transcripts, sometimes with highest expression anteriorly. Downregulation or ectopic anterior expression of Fgf4 is also seen. As a result, genes such as Bmp2 or Hoxd genes are expressed symmetrically along the AP axis of the forelimb buds, and/or later, of the autopod. We suggest that RA signaling cooperates with a posteriorly restricted factor such as dHand, to generate a functional zone of polarizing activity (ZPA).</jats:p> Embryonic retinoic acid synthesis is required for forelimb growth and anteroposterior patterning in the mouse Development
spellingShingle Niederreither, Karen, Vermot, Julien, Schuhbaur, Brigitte, Chambon, Pierre, Dollé, Pascal, Development, Embryonic retinoic acid synthesis is required for forelimb growth and anteroposterior patterning in the mouse, Developmental Biology, Molecular Biology
title Embryonic retinoic acid synthesis is required for forelimb growth and anteroposterior patterning in the mouse
title_full Embryonic retinoic acid synthesis is required for forelimb growth and anteroposterior patterning in the mouse
title_fullStr Embryonic retinoic acid synthesis is required for forelimb growth and anteroposterior patterning in the mouse
title_full_unstemmed Embryonic retinoic acid synthesis is required for forelimb growth and anteroposterior patterning in the mouse
title_short Embryonic retinoic acid synthesis is required for forelimb growth and anteroposterior patterning in the mouse
title_sort embryonic retinoic acid synthesis is required for forelimb growth and anteroposterior patterning in the mouse
title_unstemmed Embryonic retinoic acid synthesis is required for forelimb growth and anteroposterior patterning in the mouse
topic Developmental Biology, Molecular Biology
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.129.15.3563