author_facet Lu, Xiaonan
Rasco, Barbara A.
Jabal, Jamie M. F.
Aston, D. Eric
Lin, Mengshi
Konkel, Michael E.
Lu, Xiaonan
Rasco, Barbara A.
Jabal, Jamie M. F.
Aston, D. Eric
Lin, Mengshi
Konkel, Michael E.
author Lu, Xiaonan
Rasco, Barbara A.
Jabal, Jamie M. F.
Aston, D. Eric
Lin, Mengshi
Konkel, Michael E.
spellingShingle Lu, Xiaonan
Rasco, Barbara A.
Jabal, Jamie M. F.
Aston, D. Eric
Lin, Mengshi
Konkel, Michael E.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Investigating Antibacterial Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) Concentrate and Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds on Campylobacter jejuni by Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and Electron Microscopy
Ecology
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Food Science
Biotechnology
author_sort lu, xiaonan
spelling Lu, Xiaonan Rasco, Barbara A. Jabal, Jamie M. F. Aston, D. Eric Lin, Mengshi Konkel, Michael E. 0099-2240 1098-5336 American Society for Microbiology Ecology Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Food Science Biotechnology http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02845-10 <jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title> <jats:p> Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to study the cell injury and inactivation of <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">Campylobacter jejuni</jats:named-content> from exposure to antioxidants from garlic. <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">C. jejuni</jats:named-content> was treated with various concentrations of garlic concentrate and garlic-derived organosulfur compounds in growth media and saline at 4, 22, and 35°C. The antimicrobial activities of the diallyl sulfides increased with the number of sulfur atoms (diallyl sulfide &lt; diallyl disulfide &lt; diallyl trisulfide). FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed that organosulfur compounds are responsible for the substantial antimicrobial activity of garlic, much greater than those of garlic phenolic compounds, as indicated by changes in the spectral features of proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides in the bacterial cell membranes. Confocal Raman microscopy (532-nm-gold-particle substrate) and Raman mapping of a single bacterium confirmed the intracellular uptake of sulfur and phenolic components. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to verify cell damage. Principal-component analysis (PCA), discriminant function analysis (DFA), and soft independent modeling of class analogs (SIMCA) were performed, and results were cross validated to differentiate bacteria based upon the degree of cell injury. Partial least-squares regression (PLSR) was employed to quantify and predict actual numbers of healthy and injured bacterial cells remaining following treatment. PLSR-based loading plots were investigated to further verify the changes in the cell membrane of <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">C. jejuni</jats:named-content> treated with organosulfur compounds. We demonstrated that bacterial injury and inactivation could be accurately investigated by complementary infrared and Raman spectroscopies using a chemical-based, “whole-organism fingerprint” with the aid of chemometrics and electron microscopy. </jats:p> Investigating Antibacterial Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) Concentrate and Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds on Campylobacter jejuni by Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and Electron Microscopy Applied and Environmental Microbiology
doi_str_mv 10.1128/aem.02845-10
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title Investigating Antibacterial Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) Concentrate and Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds on Campylobacter jejuni by Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and Electron Microscopy
title_unstemmed Investigating Antibacterial Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) Concentrate and Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds on Campylobacter jejuni by Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and Electron Microscopy
title_full Investigating Antibacterial Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) Concentrate and Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds on Campylobacter jejuni by Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and Electron Microscopy
title_fullStr Investigating Antibacterial Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) Concentrate and Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds on Campylobacter jejuni by Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and Electron Microscopy
title_full_unstemmed Investigating Antibacterial Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) Concentrate and Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds on Campylobacter jejuni by Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and Electron Microscopy
title_short Investigating Antibacterial Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) Concentrate and Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds on Campylobacter jejuni by Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and Electron Microscopy
title_sort investigating antibacterial effects of garlic (allium sativum) concentrate and garlic-derived organosulfur compounds on campylobacter jejuni by using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, raman spectroscopy, and electron microscopy
topic Ecology
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Food Science
Biotechnology
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02845-10
publishDate 2011
physical 5257-5269
description <jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title> <jats:p> Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to study the cell injury and inactivation of <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">Campylobacter jejuni</jats:named-content> from exposure to antioxidants from garlic. <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">C. jejuni</jats:named-content> was treated with various concentrations of garlic concentrate and garlic-derived organosulfur compounds in growth media and saline at 4, 22, and 35°C. The antimicrobial activities of the diallyl sulfides increased with the number of sulfur atoms (diallyl sulfide &lt; diallyl disulfide &lt; diallyl trisulfide). FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed that organosulfur compounds are responsible for the substantial antimicrobial activity of garlic, much greater than those of garlic phenolic compounds, as indicated by changes in the spectral features of proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides in the bacterial cell membranes. Confocal Raman microscopy (532-nm-gold-particle substrate) and Raman mapping of a single bacterium confirmed the intracellular uptake of sulfur and phenolic components. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to verify cell damage. Principal-component analysis (PCA), discriminant function analysis (DFA), and soft independent modeling of class analogs (SIMCA) were performed, and results were cross validated to differentiate bacteria based upon the degree of cell injury. Partial least-squares regression (PLSR) was employed to quantify and predict actual numbers of healthy and injured bacterial cells remaining following treatment. PLSR-based loading plots were investigated to further verify the changes in the cell membrane of <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">C. jejuni</jats:named-content> treated with organosulfur compounds. We demonstrated that bacterial injury and inactivation could be accurately investigated by complementary infrared and Raman spectroscopies using a chemical-based, “whole-organism fingerprint” with the aid of chemometrics and electron microscopy. </jats:p>
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author Lu, Xiaonan, Rasco, Barbara A., Jabal, Jamie M. F., Aston, D. Eric, Lin, Mengshi, Konkel, Michael E.
author_facet Lu, Xiaonan, Rasco, Barbara A., Jabal, Jamie M. F., Aston, D. Eric, Lin, Mengshi, Konkel, Michael E., Lu, Xiaonan, Rasco, Barbara A., Jabal, Jamie M. F., Aston, D. Eric, Lin, Mengshi, Konkel, Michael E.
author_sort lu, xiaonan
container_issue 15
container_start_page 5257
container_title Applied and Environmental Microbiology
container_volume 77
description <jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title> <jats:p> Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to study the cell injury and inactivation of <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">Campylobacter jejuni</jats:named-content> from exposure to antioxidants from garlic. <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">C. jejuni</jats:named-content> was treated with various concentrations of garlic concentrate and garlic-derived organosulfur compounds in growth media and saline at 4, 22, and 35°C. The antimicrobial activities of the diallyl sulfides increased with the number of sulfur atoms (diallyl sulfide &lt; diallyl disulfide &lt; diallyl trisulfide). FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed that organosulfur compounds are responsible for the substantial antimicrobial activity of garlic, much greater than those of garlic phenolic compounds, as indicated by changes in the spectral features of proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides in the bacterial cell membranes. Confocal Raman microscopy (532-nm-gold-particle substrate) and Raman mapping of a single bacterium confirmed the intracellular uptake of sulfur and phenolic components. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to verify cell damage. Principal-component analysis (PCA), discriminant function analysis (DFA), and soft independent modeling of class analogs (SIMCA) were performed, and results were cross validated to differentiate bacteria based upon the degree of cell injury. Partial least-squares regression (PLSR) was employed to quantify and predict actual numbers of healthy and injured bacterial cells remaining following treatment. PLSR-based loading plots were investigated to further verify the changes in the cell membrane of <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">C. jejuni</jats:named-content> treated with organosulfur compounds. We demonstrated that bacterial injury and inactivation could be accurately investigated by complementary infrared and Raman spectroscopies using a chemical-based, “whole-organism fingerprint” with the aid of chemometrics and electron microscopy. </jats:p>
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imprint_str_mv American Society for Microbiology, 2011
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spelling Lu, Xiaonan Rasco, Barbara A. Jabal, Jamie M. F. Aston, D. Eric Lin, Mengshi Konkel, Michael E. 0099-2240 1098-5336 American Society for Microbiology Ecology Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Food Science Biotechnology http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02845-10 <jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title> <jats:p> Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to study the cell injury and inactivation of <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">Campylobacter jejuni</jats:named-content> from exposure to antioxidants from garlic. <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">C. jejuni</jats:named-content> was treated with various concentrations of garlic concentrate and garlic-derived organosulfur compounds in growth media and saline at 4, 22, and 35°C. The antimicrobial activities of the diallyl sulfides increased with the number of sulfur atoms (diallyl sulfide &lt; diallyl disulfide &lt; diallyl trisulfide). FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed that organosulfur compounds are responsible for the substantial antimicrobial activity of garlic, much greater than those of garlic phenolic compounds, as indicated by changes in the spectral features of proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides in the bacterial cell membranes. Confocal Raman microscopy (532-nm-gold-particle substrate) and Raman mapping of a single bacterium confirmed the intracellular uptake of sulfur and phenolic components. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to verify cell damage. Principal-component analysis (PCA), discriminant function analysis (DFA), and soft independent modeling of class analogs (SIMCA) were performed, and results were cross validated to differentiate bacteria based upon the degree of cell injury. Partial least-squares regression (PLSR) was employed to quantify and predict actual numbers of healthy and injured bacterial cells remaining following treatment. PLSR-based loading plots were investigated to further verify the changes in the cell membrane of <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">C. jejuni</jats:named-content> treated with organosulfur compounds. We demonstrated that bacterial injury and inactivation could be accurately investigated by complementary infrared and Raman spectroscopies using a chemical-based, “whole-organism fingerprint” with the aid of chemometrics and electron microscopy. </jats:p> Investigating Antibacterial Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) Concentrate and Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds on Campylobacter jejuni by Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and Electron Microscopy Applied and Environmental Microbiology
spellingShingle Lu, Xiaonan, Rasco, Barbara A., Jabal, Jamie M. F., Aston, D. Eric, Lin, Mengshi, Konkel, Michael E., Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Investigating Antibacterial Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) Concentrate and Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds on Campylobacter jejuni by Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and Electron Microscopy, Ecology, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Food Science, Biotechnology
title Investigating Antibacterial Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) Concentrate and Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds on Campylobacter jejuni by Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and Electron Microscopy
title_full Investigating Antibacterial Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) Concentrate and Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds on Campylobacter jejuni by Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and Electron Microscopy
title_fullStr Investigating Antibacterial Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) Concentrate and Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds on Campylobacter jejuni by Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and Electron Microscopy
title_full_unstemmed Investigating Antibacterial Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) Concentrate and Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds on Campylobacter jejuni by Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and Electron Microscopy
title_short Investigating Antibacterial Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) Concentrate and Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds on Campylobacter jejuni by Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and Electron Microscopy
title_sort investigating antibacterial effects of garlic (allium sativum) concentrate and garlic-derived organosulfur compounds on campylobacter jejuni by using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, raman spectroscopy, and electron microscopy
title_unstemmed Investigating Antibacterial Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) Concentrate and Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds on Campylobacter jejuni by Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and Electron Microscopy
topic Ecology, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Food Science, Biotechnology
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02845-10