Eintrag weiter verarbeiten
Water Mass Analysis of Effect of Climate Change on Air–Sea CO2 Fluxes: The Southern Ocean
Gespeichert in:
| Zeitschriftentitel: | Journal of Climate |
|---|---|
| Personen und Körperschaften: | , , , , |
| In: | Journal of Climate, 25, 2012, 11, S. 3894-3908 |
| Format: | E-Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| veröffentlicht: |
American Meteorological Society
|
| Schlagwörter: |
| Zusammenfassung: | <jats:p> Impacts of climate change on air–sea CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> exchange are strongly region dependent, particularly in the Southern Ocean. Yet, in the Southern Ocean the role of water masses in the uptake of anthropogenic carbon is still debated. Here, a methodology is applied that tracks the carbon flux of each Southern Ocean water mass in response to climate change. A global marine biogeochemical model was coupled to a climate model, making 140-yr Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5)-type simulations, where atmospheric CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> increased by 1% yr<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> to 4 times the preindustrial concentration (4 × CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>). Impacts of atmospheric CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> (carbon-induced sensitivity) and climate change (climate-induced sensitivity) on the water mass carbon fluxes have been isolated performing two sensitivity simulations. In the first simulation, the atmospheric CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> influences solely the marine carbon cycle, while in the second simulation, it influences both the marine carbon cycle and earth’s climate. At 4 × CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, the cumulative carbon uptake by the Southern Ocean reaches 278 PgC, 53% of which is taken up by modal and intermediate water masses. The carbon-induced and climate-induced sensitivities vary significantly between the water masses. The carbon-induced sensitivities enhance the carbon uptake of the water masses, particularly for the denser classes. But, enhancement strongly depends on the water mass structure. The climate-induced sensitivities either strengthen or weaken the carbon uptake and are influenced by local processes through changes in CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> solubility and stratification, and by large-scale changes in outcrop surface (OS) areas. Changes in OS areas account for 45% of the climate-induced reduction in the Southern Ocean carbon uptake and are a key factor in understanding the future carbon uptake of the Southern Ocean. </jats:p> |
|---|---|
| Umfang: | 3894-3908 |
| ISSN: |
0894-8755
1520-0442 |
| DOI: | 10.1175/jcli-d-11-00291.1 |