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Six-rowed spike4 ( Vrs4 ) controls spikelet determinacy and row-type in barley
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| Zeitschriftentitel: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
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| Personen und Körperschaften: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| In: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110, 2013, 32, S. 13198-13203 |
| Format: | E-Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| veröffentlicht: |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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| Schlagwörter: |
| Zusammenfassung: | <jats:p> Inflorescence architecture of barley ( <jats:italic>Hordeum vulgare</jats:italic> L.) is common among the Triticeae species, which bear one to three single-flowered spikelets at each rachis internode. Triple spikelet meristem is one of the unique features of barley spikes, in which three spikelets (one central and two lateral spikelets) are produced at each rachis internode. Fertility of the lateral spikelets at triple spikelet meristem gives row-type identity to barley spikes. Six-rowed spikes show fertile lateral spikelets and produce increased grain yield per spike, compared with two-rowed spikes with sterile lateral spikelets. Thus, far, two loci governing the row-type phenotype were isolated in barley that include <jats:italic>Six-rowed spike1</jats:italic> ( <jats:italic>Vrs1</jats:italic> ) and <jats:italic>Intermedium-C</jats:italic> . In the present study, we isolated <jats:italic>Six-rowed spike4</jats:italic> ( <jats:italic>Vrs4</jats:italic> ), a barley ortholog of the maize ( <jats:italic>Zea mays</jats:italic> L.) inflorescence architecture gene <jats:italic>RAMOSA2</jats:italic> ( <jats:italic>RA2</jats:italic> ). Eighteen coding mutations in barley <jats:italic>RA2</jats:italic> ( <jats:italic>HvRA2</jats:italic> ) were specifically associated with lateral spikelet fertility and loss of spikelet determinacy. Expression analyses through mRNA in situ hybridization and microarray showed that <jats:italic>Vrs4</jats:italic> ( <jats:italic>HvRA2</jats:italic> ) controls the row-type pathway through <jats:italic>Vrs1</jats:italic> ( <jats:italic>HvHox1</jats:italic> ), a negative regulator of lateral spikelet fertility in barley. Moreover, <jats:italic>Vrs4</jats:italic> may also regulate transcripts of barley <jats:italic>SISTER OF RAMOSA3</jats:italic> ( <jats:italic>HvSRA</jats:italic> ), a putative trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase involved in trehalose-6-phosphate homeostasis implicated to control spikelet determinacy. Our expression data illustrated that, although RA2 is conserved among different grass species, its down-stream target genes appear to be modified in barley and possibly other species of tribe Triticeae. </jats:p> |
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| Umfang: | 13198-13203 |
| ISSN: |
0027-8424
1091-6490 |
| DOI: | 10.1073/pnas.1221950110 |