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MIPAS observations of volcanic sulfate aerosol and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere
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| Zeitschriftentitel: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
|---|---|
| Personen und Körperschaften: | , , , , , , |
| In: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18, 2018, 2, S. 1217-1239 |
| Format: | E-Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| veröffentlicht: |
Copernicus GmbH
|
| Schlagwörter: |
| author_facet |
Günther, Annika Höpfner, Michael Sinnhuber, Björn-Martin Griessbach, Sabine Deshler, Terry von Clarmann, Thomas Stiller, Gabriele Günther, Annika Höpfner, Michael Sinnhuber, Björn-Martin Griessbach, Sabine Deshler, Terry von Clarmann, Thomas Stiller, Gabriele |
|---|---|
| author |
Günther, Annika Höpfner, Michael Sinnhuber, Björn-Martin Griessbach, Sabine Deshler, Terry von Clarmann, Thomas Stiller, Gabriele |
| spellingShingle |
Günther, Annika Höpfner, Michael Sinnhuber, Björn-Martin Griessbach, Sabine Deshler, Terry von Clarmann, Thomas Stiller, Gabriele Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics MIPAS observations of volcanic sulfate aerosol and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere Atmospheric Science |
| author_sort |
günther, annika |
| spelling |
Günther, Annika Höpfner, Michael Sinnhuber, Björn-Martin Griessbach, Sabine Deshler, Terry von Clarmann, Thomas Stiller, Gabriele 1680-7324 Copernicus GmbH Atmospheric Science http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1217-2018 <jats:p>Abstract. Volcanic eruptions can increase the stratospheric sulfur loading by orders of magnitude above the background level and are the most important source of variability in stratospheric sulfur. We present a set of vertical profiles of sulfate aerosol volume densities and derived liquid-phase H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) mole fractions for 2005–2012, retrieved from infrared limb emission measurements performed with the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on board of the Environmental Satellite (Envisat). Relative to balloon-borne in situ measurements of aerosol at Laramie, Wyoming, the MIPAS aerosol data have a positive bias that has been corrected, based on the observed differences to the in situ data. We investigate the production of stratospheric sulfate aerosol from volcanically emitted SO2 for two case studies: the eruptions of Kasatochi in 2008 and Sarychev in 2009, which both occurred in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes during boreal summer. With the help of chemical transport model (CTM) simulations for the two volcanic eruptions we show that the MIPAS sulfate aerosol and SO2 data are qualitatively and quantitatively consistent with each other. Further, we demonstrate that the lifetime of SO2 is explained well by its oxidation by hydroxyl radicals (OH). While the sedimentation of sulfate aerosol plays a role, we find that the long-term decay of stratospheric sulfur after these volcanic eruptions in midlatitudes is mainly controlled by transport via the Brewer–Dobson circulation. Sulfur emitted by the two midlatitude volcanoes resides mostly north of 30∘ N at altitudes of ∼ 10–16 km, while at higher altitudes (∼ 18–22 km) part of the volcanic sulfur is transported towards the Equator where it is lifted into the stratospheric “overworld” and can further be transported into both hemispheres. </jats:p> MIPAS observations of volcanic sulfate aerosol and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
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| title |
MIPAS observations of volcanic sulfate aerosol and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere |
| title_unstemmed |
MIPAS observations of volcanic sulfate aerosol and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere |
| title_full |
MIPAS observations of volcanic sulfate aerosol and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere |
| title_fullStr |
MIPAS observations of volcanic sulfate aerosol and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere |
| title_full_unstemmed |
MIPAS observations of volcanic sulfate aerosol and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere |
| title_short |
MIPAS observations of volcanic sulfate aerosol and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere |
| title_sort |
mipas observations of volcanic sulfate aerosol and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere |
| topic |
Atmospheric Science |
| url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1217-2018 |
| publishDate |
2018 |
| physical |
1217-1239 |
| description |
<jats:p>Abstract. Volcanic eruptions can increase the stratospheric sulfur loading by orders
of magnitude above the background level and are the most important source of
variability in stratospheric sulfur. We present a set of vertical profiles
of sulfate aerosol volume densities and derived liquid-phase H2SO4
(sulfuric acid) mole fractions for 2005–2012, retrieved from infrared limb
emission measurements performed with the Michelson Interferometer for
Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on board of the Environmental Satellite
(Envisat). Relative to balloon-borne in situ measurements of aerosol at
Laramie, Wyoming, the MIPAS aerosol data have a positive bias that has been
corrected, based on the observed differences to the in situ data. We
investigate the production of stratospheric sulfate aerosol from
volcanically emitted SO2 for two case studies: the eruptions of
Kasatochi in 2008 and Sarychev in 2009, which both occurred in the Northern
Hemisphere midlatitudes during boreal summer. With the help of chemical
transport model (CTM) simulations for the two volcanic eruptions we show
that the MIPAS sulfate aerosol and SO2 data are qualitatively and
quantitatively consistent with each other. Further, we demonstrate that the
lifetime of SO2 is explained well by its oxidation by hydroxyl radicals
(OH). While the sedimentation of sulfate aerosol plays a role, we find that the
long-term decay of stratospheric sulfur after these volcanic eruptions in
midlatitudes is mainly controlled by transport via the Brewer–Dobson
circulation. Sulfur emitted by the two midlatitude volcanoes resides mostly
north of 30∘ N at altitudes of ∼ 10–16 km, while
at higher altitudes (∼ 18–22 km) part of the volcanic sulfur
is transported towards the Equator where it is lifted into the stratospheric
“overworld” and can further be transported into both hemispheres.
</jats:p> |
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| author | Günther, Annika, Höpfner, Michael, Sinnhuber, Björn-Martin, Griessbach, Sabine, Deshler, Terry, von Clarmann, Thomas, Stiller, Gabriele |
| author_facet | Günther, Annika, Höpfner, Michael, Sinnhuber, Björn-Martin, Griessbach, Sabine, Deshler, Terry, von Clarmann, Thomas, Stiller, Gabriele, Günther, Annika, Höpfner, Michael, Sinnhuber, Björn-Martin, Griessbach, Sabine, Deshler, Terry, von Clarmann, Thomas, Stiller, Gabriele |
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| description | <jats:p>Abstract. Volcanic eruptions can increase the stratospheric sulfur loading by orders of magnitude above the background level and are the most important source of variability in stratospheric sulfur. We present a set of vertical profiles of sulfate aerosol volume densities and derived liquid-phase H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) mole fractions for 2005–2012, retrieved from infrared limb emission measurements performed with the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on board of the Environmental Satellite (Envisat). Relative to balloon-borne in situ measurements of aerosol at Laramie, Wyoming, the MIPAS aerosol data have a positive bias that has been corrected, based on the observed differences to the in situ data. We investigate the production of stratospheric sulfate aerosol from volcanically emitted SO2 for two case studies: the eruptions of Kasatochi in 2008 and Sarychev in 2009, which both occurred in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes during boreal summer. With the help of chemical transport model (CTM) simulations for the two volcanic eruptions we show that the MIPAS sulfate aerosol and SO2 data are qualitatively and quantitatively consistent with each other. Further, we demonstrate that the lifetime of SO2 is explained well by its oxidation by hydroxyl radicals (OH). While the sedimentation of sulfate aerosol plays a role, we find that the long-term decay of stratospheric sulfur after these volcanic eruptions in midlatitudes is mainly controlled by transport via the Brewer–Dobson circulation. Sulfur emitted by the two midlatitude volcanoes resides mostly north of 30∘ N at altitudes of ∼ 10–16 km, while at higher altitudes (∼ 18–22 km) part of the volcanic sulfur is transported towards the Equator where it is lifted into the stratospheric “overworld” and can further be transported into both hemispheres. </jats:p> |
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| imprint | Copernicus GmbH, 2018 |
| imprint_str_mv | Copernicus GmbH, 2018 |
| institution | DE-D275, DE-Bn3, DE-Brt1, DE-Zwi2, DE-D161, DE-Gla1, DE-Zi4, DE-15, DE-Pl11, DE-Rs1, DE-105, DE-14, DE-Ch1, DE-L229 |
| issn | 1680-7324 |
| issn_str_mv | 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-01T18:01:00.698Z |
| match_str | gunther2018mipasobservationsofvolcanicsulfateaerosolandsulfurdioxideinthestratosphere |
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| physical | 1217-1239 |
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| spelling | Günther, Annika Höpfner, Michael Sinnhuber, Björn-Martin Griessbach, Sabine Deshler, Terry von Clarmann, Thomas Stiller, Gabriele 1680-7324 Copernicus GmbH Atmospheric Science http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1217-2018 <jats:p>Abstract. Volcanic eruptions can increase the stratospheric sulfur loading by orders of magnitude above the background level and are the most important source of variability in stratospheric sulfur. We present a set of vertical profiles of sulfate aerosol volume densities and derived liquid-phase H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) mole fractions for 2005–2012, retrieved from infrared limb emission measurements performed with the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on board of the Environmental Satellite (Envisat). Relative to balloon-borne in situ measurements of aerosol at Laramie, Wyoming, the MIPAS aerosol data have a positive bias that has been corrected, based on the observed differences to the in situ data. We investigate the production of stratospheric sulfate aerosol from volcanically emitted SO2 for two case studies: the eruptions of Kasatochi in 2008 and Sarychev in 2009, which both occurred in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes during boreal summer. With the help of chemical transport model (CTM) simulations for the two volcanic eruptions we show that the MIPAS sulfate aerosol and SO2 data are qualitatively and quantitatively consistent with each other. Further, we demonstrate that the lifetime of SO2 is explained well by its oxidation by hydroxyl radicals (OH). While the sedimentation of sulfate aerosol plays a role, we find that the long-term decay of stratospheric sulfur after these volcanic eruptions in midlatitudes is mainly controlled by transport via the Brewer–Dobson circulation. Sulfur emitted by the two midlatitude volcanoes resides mostly north of 30∘ N at altitudes of ∼ 10–16 km, while at higher altitudes (∼ 18–22 km) part of the volcanic sulfur is transported towards the Equator where it is lifted into the stratospheric “overworld” and can further be transported into both hemispheres. </jats:p> MIPAS observations of volcanic sulfate aerosol and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spellingShingle | Günther, Annika, Höpfner, Michael, Sinnhuber, Björn-Martin, Griessbach, Sabine, Deshler, Terry, von Clarmann, Thomas, Stiller, Gabriele, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, MIPAS observations of volcanic sulfate aerosol and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere, Atmospheric Science |
| title | MIPAS observations of volcanic sulfate aerosol and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere |
| title_full | MIPAS observations of volcanic sulfate aerosol and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere |
| title_fullStr | MIPAS observations of volcanic sulfate aerosol and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere |
| title_full_unstemmed | MIPAS observations of volcanic sulfate aerosol and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere |
| title_short | MIPAS observations of volcanic sulfate aerosol and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere |
| title_sort | mipas observations of volcanic sulfate aerosol and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere |
| title_unstemmed | MIPAS observations of volcanic sulfate aerosol and sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere |
| topic | Atmospheric Science |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1217-2018 |