author_facet Walker, Keith L.
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PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America
The Transformational and Enduring Vision of Aimé Césaire
Literature and Literary Theory
Linguistics and Language
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spelling Walker, Keith L. 0030-8129 1938-1530 Modern Language Association (MLA) Literature and Literary Theory Linguistics and Language Language and Linguistics http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2010.125.3.756 <jats:p>As the Nineteenth Century was the Century of Colonization, The Twentieth Century was the Century of <jats:italic>Decolonization</jats:italic>, THE neologism entered popular usage during the 1950s, gained sudden prestige, and was declared crucial and, indeed, “beautiful” by Aimé Fernand David Césaire (“L'homme” 116). Césaire lived at the center of the global tempest and cultural sea change that characterized the anticolonial, civil rights, independence-movement years from 1932 to 1968. Césaire's rhetorical virtuosity and intellectual genius coincided with a moment of worldwide paradigm shifts and conceptual earthquakes, or <jats:italic>tremblements de concepts</jats:italic>, as he termed them (“Culture” 453). Césaire embodied what Edward Said called the “sensuous particularity as well as historical contingency” of a man living on the borderline of historical transition (39). On the actors, artists, and intellectuals of this borderline moment, the Senegalese writer Mariama Bâ reflected that it was the “[p]rivilège de notre génération, charnière entre deux périodes historiques, l'une de domination, l'autre d'indépendance. Nous … étions porteurs de projets” ‘privilege of our generation to be the link between two periods in our history, one of domination, the other of independence. We … were the messengers of a new design’ <jats:italic>(Une si longue lettre</jats:italic> 40 [So <jats:italic>Long a Letter</jats:italic> 25]). According to Césaire, the messengers had duties:</jats:p><jats:p><jats:disp-quote><jats:p>Notre devoir d'hommes de culture, notre double devoir est là: Il est de hâter la <jats:italic>décolonisation</jats:italic>, et il est, au sein même du présent, de préparer une bonne <jats:italic>décolonisation</jats:italic>, une <jats:italic>décolonisation</jats:italic> sans séquelles. Il faut hâter la décolonisation, qu'est-ce à dire? Cela veut dire qu'il faut, et par tous les moyens, hâter le mûrissement de la PRISE DE CONSCIENCE POPULAIRE sans quoi il n'y aura jamais de décolonisation. Nous dans la conjoncture où nous sommes, nous sommes des <jats:italic>propagateurs d'âmes</jats:italic>, des multiplicateurs d'âmes, et à la limite des <jats:italic>inventeurs d'âmes.</jats:italic> (“L'homme” 121)</jats:p></jats:disp-quote></jats:p><jats:p><jats:disp-quote><jats:p>Our responsibility as intellectuals, our double responsibility, is the following: it is to hasten <jats:italic>decolonization</jats:italic>, and it is at the very present time to prepare a sound <jats:italic>decolonization</jats:italic>, a process of <jats:italic>decolonization</jats:italic> that leaves no posttraumatic scars. What exactly does it mean that we must hasten decolonization? It means that we must by every means available to us hasten the maturation of the RAISING OF THE MASSES' CONSCIOUSNESS, without which there will be no decolonization. In our present situation we are <jats:italic>propagators of souls</jats:italic>, multipliers of souls, and almost <jats:italic>inventors of souls.</jats:italic></jats:p></jats:disp-quote></jats:p> The Transformational and Enduring Vision of Aimé Césaire PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America
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title The Transformational and Enduring Vision of Aimé Césaire
title_unstemmed The Transformational and Enduring Vision of Aimé Césaire
title_full The Transformational and Enduring Vision of Aimé Césaire
title_fullStr The Transformational and Enduring Vision of Aimé Césaire
title_full_unstemmed The Transformational and Enduring Vision of Aimé Césaire
title_short The Transformational and Enduring Vision of Aimé Césaire
title_sort the transformational and enduring vision of aimé césaire
topic Literature and Literary Theory
Linguistics and Language
Language and Linguistics
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2010.125.3.756
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description <jats:p>As the Nineteenth Century was the Century of Colonization, The Twentieth Century was the Century of <jats:italic>Decolonization</jats:italic>, THE neologism entered popular usage during the 1950s, gained sudden prestige, and was declared crucial and, indeed, “beautiful” by Aimé Fernand David Césaire (“L'homme” 116). Césaire lived at the center of the global tempest and cultural sea change that characterized the anticolonial, civil rights, independence-movement years from 1932 to 1968. Césaire's rhetorical virtuosity and intellectual genius coincided with a moment of worldwide paradigm shifts and conceptual earthquakes, or <jats:italic>tremblements de concepts</jats:italic>, as he termed them (“Culture” 453). Césaire embodied what Edward Said called the “sensuous particularity as well as historical contingency” of a man living on the borderline of historical transition (39). On the actors, artists, and intellectuals of this borderline moment, the Senegalese writer Mariama Bâ reflected that it was the “[p]rivilège de notre génération, charnière entre deux périodes historiques, l'une de domination, l'autre d'indépendance. Nous … étions porteurs de projets” ‘privilege of our generation to be the link between two periods in our history, one of domination, the other of independence. We … were the messengers of a new design’ <jats:italic>(Une si longue lettre</jats:italic> 40 [So <jats:italic>Long a Letter</jats:italic> 25]). According to Césaire, the messengers had duties:</jats:p><jats:p><jats:disp-quote><jats:p>Notre devoir d'hommes de culture, notre double devoir est là: Il est de hâter la <jats:italic>décolonisation</jats:italic>, et il est, au sein même du présent, de préparer une bonne <jats:italic>décolonisation</jats:italic>, une <jats:italic>décolonisation</jats:italic> sans séquelles. Il faut hâter la décolonisation, qu'est-ce à dire? Cela veut dire qu'il faut, et par tous les moyens, hâter le mûrissement de la PRISE DE CONSCIENCE POPULAIRE sans quoi il n'y aura jamais de décolonisation. Nous dans la conjoncture où nous sommes, nous sommes des <jats:italic>propagateurs d'âmes</jats:italic>, des multiplicateurs d'âmes, et à la limite des <jats:italic>inventeurs d'âmes.</jats:italic> (“L'homme” 121)</jats:p></jats:disp-quote></jats:p><jats:p><jats:disp-quote><jats:p>Our responsibility as intellectuals, our double responsibility, is the following: it is to hasten <jats:italic>decolonization</jats:italic>, and it is at the very present time to prepare a sound <jats:italic>decolonization</jats:italic>, a process of <jats:italic>decolonization</jats:italic> that leaves no posttraumatic scars. What exactly does it mean that we must hasten decolonization? It means that we must by every means available to us hasten the maturation of the RAISING OF THE MASSES' CONSCIOUSNESS, without which there will be no decolonization. In our present situation we are <jats:italic>propagators of souls</jats:italic>, multipliers of souls, and almost <jats:italic>inventors of souls.</jats:italic></jats:p></jats:disp-quote></jats:p>
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description <jats:p>As the Nineteenth Century was the Century of Colonization, The Twentieth Century was the Century of <jats:italic>Decolonization</jats:italic>, THE neologism entered popular usage during the 1950s, gained sudden prestige, and was declared crucial and, indeed, “beautiful” by Aimé Fernand David Césaire (“L'homme” 116). Césaire lived at the center of the global tempest and cultural sea change that characterized the anticolonial, civil rights, independence-movement years from 1932 to 1968. Césaire's rhetorical virtuosity and intellectual genius coincided with a moment of worldwide paradigm shifts and conceptual earthquakes, or <jats:italic>tremblements de concepts</jats:italic>, as he termed them (“Culture” 453). Césaire embodied what Edward Said called the “sensuous particularity as well as historical contingency” of a man living on the borderline of historical transition (39). On the actors, artists, and intellectuals of this borderline moment, the Senegalese writer Mariama Bâ reflected that it was the “[p]rivilège de notre génération, charnière entre deux périodes historiques, l'une de domination, l'autre d'indépendance. Nous … étions porteurs de projets” ‘privilege of our generation to be the link between two periods in our history, one of domination, the other of independence. We … were the messengers of a new design’ <jats:italic>(Une si longue lettre</jats:italic> 40 [So <jats:italic>Long a Letter</jats:italic> 25]). According to Césaire, the messengers had duties:</jats:p><jats:p><jats:disp-quote><jats:p>Notre devoir d'hommes de culture, notre double devoir est là: Il est de hâter la <jats:italic>décolonisation</jats:italic>, et il est, au sein même du présent, de préparer une bonne <jats:italic>décolonisation</jats:italic>, une <jats:italic>décolonisation</jats:italic> sans séquelles. Il faut hâter la décolonisation, qu'est-ce à dire? Cela veut dire qu'il faut, et par tous les moyens, hâter le mûrissement de la PRISE DE CONSCIENCE POPULAIRE sans quoi il n'y aura jamais de décolonisation. Nous dans la conjoncture où nous sommes, nous sommes des <jats:italic>propagateurs d'âmes</jats:italic>, des multiplicateurs d'âmes, et à la limite des <jats:italic>inventeurs d'âmes.</jats:italic> (“L'homme” 121)</jats:p></jats:disp-quote></jats:p><jats:p><jats:disp-quote><jats:p>Our responsibility as intellectuals, our double responsibility, is the following: it is to hasten <jats:italic>decolonization</jats:italic>, and it is at the very present time to prepare a sound <jats:italic>decolonization</jats:italic>, a process of <jats:italic>decolonization</jats:italic> that leaves no posttraumatic scars. What exactly does it mean that we must hasten decolonization? It means that we must by every means available to us hasten the maturation of the RAISING OF THE MASSES' CONSCIOUSNESS, without which there will be no decolonization. In our present situation we are <jats:italic>propagators of souls</jats:italic>, multipliers of souls, and almost <jats:italic>inventors of souls.</jats:italic></jats:p></jats:disp-quote></jats:p>
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spelling Walker, Keith L. 0030-8129 1938-1530 Modern Language Association (MLA) Literature and Literary Theory Linguistics and Language Language and Linguistics http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2010.125.3.756 <jats:p>As the Nineteenth Century was the Century of Colonization, The Twentieth Century was the Century of <jats:italic>Decolonization</jats:italic>, THE neologism entered popular usage during the 1950s, gained sudden prestige, and was declared crucial and, indeed, “beautiful” by Aimé Fernand David Césaire (“L'homme” 116). Césaire lived at the center of the global tempest and cultural sea change that characterized the anticolonial, civil rights, independence-movement years from 1932 to 1968. Césaire's rhetorical virtuosity and intellectual genius coincided with a moment of worldwide paradigm shifts and conceptual earthquakes, or <jats:italic>tremblements de concepts</jats:italic>, as he termed them (“Culture” 453). Césaire embodied what Edward Said called the “sensuous particularity as well as historical contingency” of a man living on the borderline of historical transition (39). On the actors, artists, and intellectuals of this borderline moment, the Senegalese writer Mariama Bâ reflected that it was the “[p]rivilège de notre génération, charnière entre deux périodes historiques, l'une de domination, l'autre d'indépendance. Nous … étions porteurs de projets” ‘privilege of our generation to be the link between two periods in our history, one of domination, the other of independence. We … were the messengers of a new design’ <jats:italic>(Une si longue lettre</jats:italic> 40 [So <jats:italic>Long a Letter</jats:italic> 25]). According to Césaire, the messengers had duties:</jats:p><jats:p><jats:disp-quote><jats:p>Notre devoir d'hommes de culture, notre double devoir est là: Il est de hâter la <jats:italic>décolonisation</jats:italic>, et il est, au sein même du présent, de préparer une bonne <jats:italic>décolonisation</jats:italic>, une <jats:italic>décolonisation</jats:italic> sans séquelles. Il faut hâter la décolonisation, qu'est-ce à dire? Cela veut dire qu'il faut, et par tous les moyens, hâter le mûrissement de la PRISE DE CONSCIENCE POPULAIRE sans quoi il n'y aura jamais de décolonisation. Nous dans la conjoncture où nous sommes, nous sommes des <jats:italic>propagateurs d'âmes</jats:italic>, des multiplicateurs d'âmes, et à la limite des <jats:italic>inventeurs d'âmes.</jats:italic> (“L'homme” 121)</jats:p></jats:disp-quote></jats:p><jats:p><jats:disp-quote><jats:p>Our responsibility as intellectuals, our double responsibility, is the following: it is to hasten <jats:italic>decolonization</jats:italic>, and it is at the very present time to prepare a sound <jats:italic>decolonization</jats:italic>, a process of <jats:italic>decolonization</jats:italic> that leaves no posttraumatic scars. What exactly does it mean that we must hasten decolonization? It means that we must by every means available to us hasten the maturation of the RAISING OF THE MASSES' CONSCIOUSNESS, without which there will be no decolonization. In our present situation we are <jats:italic>propagators of souls</jats:italic>, multipliers of souls, and almost <jats:italic>inventors of souls.</jats:italic></jats:p></jats:disp-quote></jats:p> The Transformational and Enduring Vision of Aimé Césaire PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America
spellingShingle Walker, Keith L., PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, The Transformational and Enduring Vision of Aimé Césaire, Literature and Literary Theory, Linguistics and Language, Language and Linguistics
title The Transformational and Enduring Vision of Aimé Césaire
title_full The Transformational and Enduring Vision of Aimé Césaire
title_fullStr The Transformational and Enduring Vision of Aimé Césaire
title_full_unstemmed The Transformational and Enduring Vision of Aimé Césaire
title_short The Transformational and Enduring Vision of Aimé Césaire
title_sort the transformational and enduring vision of aimé césaire
title_unstemmed The Transformational and Enduring Vision of Aimé Césaire
topic Literature and Literary Theory, Linguistics and Language, Language and Linguistics
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2010.125.3.756