author_facet Brandt, Andreas
Khimich, Darina
Moser, Tobias
Brandt, Andreas
Khimich, Darina
Moser, Tobias
author Brandt, Andreas
Khimich, Darina
Moser, Tobias
spellingShingle Brandt, Andreas
Khimich, Darina
Moser, Tobias
The Journal of Neuroscience
Few CaV1.3 Channels Regulate the Exocytosis of a Synaptic Vesicle at the Hair Cell Ribbon Synapse
General Neuroscience
author_sort brandt, andreas
spelling Brandt, Andreas Khimich, Darina Moser, Tobias 0270-6474 1529-2401 Society for Neuroscience General Neuroscience http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3411-05.2005 <jats:p>Hearing relies on faithful sound coding at hair cell ribbon synapses, which use Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>-triggered glutamate release to signal with submillisecond precision. Here, we investigated stimulus–secretion coupling at mammalian inner hair cell (IHC) synapses to explore the mechanisms underlying this high temporal fidelity. Using nonstationary fluctuation analysis on Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>tail currents, we estimate that IHCs contain ∼1700 Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>channels, mainly of Ca<jats:sub>V</jats:sub>1.3 type. We show by immunohistochemistry that the Ca<jats:sub>V</jats:sub>1.3 Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>channels are localized preferentially at the ribbon-type active zones of IHCs. We argue that each active zone holds ∼80 Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>channels, of which probably &lt;10 open simultaneously during physiological stimulation. We then manipulated the Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>current by primarily changing single-channel current or open-channel number. Effects on exocytosis of the readily releasable vesicle pool (RRP) were monitored by membrane capacitance recordings. Consistent with the high intrinsic Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>cooperativity of exocytosis, RRP exocytosis changed nonlinearly with the Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>current when varying the single-channel current. In contrast, the apparent Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>cooperativity of RRP exocytosis was close to unity when primarily manipulating the number of open channels. Our findings suggest a Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>channel–release site coupling in which few nearby Ca<jats:sub>V</jats:sub>1.3 channels impose high nanodomain [Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>] on release sites in IHCs during physiological stimulation. We postulate that the IHC ribbon synapse uses this Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>nanodomain control of exocytosis to signal with high temporal precision already at low sound intensities.</jats:p> Few Ca<sub>V</sub>1.3 Channels Regulate the Exocytosis of a Synaptic Vesicle at the Hair Cell Ribbon Synapse The Journal of Neuroscience
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series The Journal of Neuroscience
source_id 49
title Few CaV1.3 Channels Regulate the Exocytosis of a Synaptic Vesicle at the Hair Cell Ribbon Synapse
title_unstemmed Few CaV1.3 Channels Regulate the Exocytosis of a Synaptic Vesicle at the Hair Cell Ribbon Synapse
title_full Few CaV1.3 Channels Regulate the Exocytosis of a Synaptic Vesicle at the Hair Cell Ribbon Synapse
title_fullStr Few CaV1.3 Channels Regulate the Exocytosis of a Synaptic Vesicle at the Hair Cell Ribbon Synapse
title_full_unstemmed Few CaV1.3 Channels Regulate the Exocytosis of a Synaptic Vesicle at the Hair Cell Ribbon Synapse
title_short Few CaV1.3 Channels Regulate the Exocytosis of a Synaptic Vesicle at the Hair Cell Ribbon Synapse
title_sort few ca<sub>v</sub>1.3 channels regulate the exocytosis of a synaptic vesicle at the hair cell ribbon synapse
topic General Neuroscience
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3411-05.2005
publishDate 2005
physical 11577-11585
description <jats:p>Hearing relies on faithful sound coding at hair cell ribbon synapses, which use Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>-triggered glutamate release to signal with submillisecond precision. Here, we investigated stimulus–secretion coupling at mammalian inner hair cell (IHC) synapses to explore the mechanisms underlying this high temporal fidelity. Using nonstationary fluctuation analysis on Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>tail currents, we estimate that IHCs contain ∼1700 Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>channels, mainly of Ca<jats:sub>V</jats:sub>1.3 type. We show by immunohistochemistry that the Ca<jats:sub>V</jats:sub>1.3 Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>channels are localized preferentially at the ribbon-type active zones of IHCs. We argue that each active zone holds ∼80 Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>channels, of which probably &lt;10 open simultaneously during physiological stimulation. We then manipulated the Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>current by primarily changing single-channel current or open-channel number. Effects on exocytosis of the readily releasable vesicle pool (RRP) were monitored by membrane capacitance recordings. Consistent with the high intrinsic Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>cooperativity of exocytosis, RRP exocytosis changed nonlinearly with the Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>current when varying the single-channel current. In contrast, the apparent Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>cooperativity of RRP exocytosis was close to unity when primarily manipulating the number of open channels. Our findings suggest a Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>channel–release site coupling in which few nearby Ca<jats:sub>V</jats:sub>1.3 channels impose high nanodomain [Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>] on release sites in IHCs during physiological stimulation. We postulate that the IHC ribbon synapse uses this Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>nanodomain control of exocytosis to signal with high temporal precision already at low sound intensities.</jats:p>
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author Brandt, Andreas, Khimich, Darina, Moser, Tobias
author_facet Brandt, Andreas, Khimich, Darina, Moser, Tobias, Brandt, Andreas, Khimich, Darina, Moser, Tobias
author_sort brandt, andreas
container_issue 50
container_start_page 11577
container_title The Journal of Neuroscience
container_volume 25
description <jats:p>Hearing relies on faithful sound coding at hair cell ribbon synapses, which use Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>-triggered glutamate release to signal with submillisecond precision. Here, we investigated stimulus–secretion coupling at mammalian inner hair cell (IHC) synapses to explore the mechanisms underlying this high temporal fidelity. Using nonstationary fluctuation analysis on Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>tail currents, we estimate that IHCs contain ∼1700 Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>channels, mainly of Ca<jats:sub>V</jats:sub>1.3 type. We show by immunohistochemistry that the Ca<jats:sub>V</jats:sub>1.3 Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>channels are localized preferentially at the ribbon-type active zones of IHCs. We argue that each active zone holds ∼80 Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>channels, of which probably &lt;10 open simultaneously during physiological stimulation. We then manipulated the Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>current by primarily changing single-channel current or open-channel number. Effects on exocytosis of the readily releasable vesicle pool (RRP) were monitored by membrane capacitance recordings. Consistent with the high intrinsic Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>cooperativity of exocytosis, RRP exocytosis changed nonlinearly with the Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>current when varying the single-channel current. In contrast, the apparent Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>cooperativity of RRP exocytosis was close to unity when primarily manipulating the number of open channels. Our findings suggest a Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>channel–release site coupling in which few nearby Ca<jats:sub>V</jats:sub>1.3 channels impose high nanodomain [Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>] on release sites in IHCs during physiological stimulation. We postulate that the IHC ribbon synapse uses this Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>nanodomain control of exocytosis to signal with high temporal precision already at low sound intensities.</jats:p>
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spelling Brandt, Andreas Khimich, Darina Moser, Tobias 0270-6474 1529-2401 Society for Neuroscience General Neuroscience http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3411-05.2005 <jats:p>Hearing relies on faithful sound coding at hair cell ribbon synapses, which use Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>-triggered glutamate release to signal with submillisecond precision. Here, we investigated stimulus–secretion coupling at mammalian inner hair cell (IHC) synapses to explore the mechanisms underlying this high temporal fidelity. Using nonstationary fluctuation analysis on Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>tail currents, we estimate that IHCs contain ∼1700 Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>channels, mainly of Ca<jats:sub>V</jats:sub>1.3 type. We show by immunohistochemistry that the Ca<jats:sub>V</jats:sub>1.3 Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>channels are localized preferentially at the ribbon-type active zones of IHCs. We argue that each active zone holds ∼80 Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>channels, of which probably &lt;10 open simultaneously during physiological stimulation. We then manipulated the Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>current by primarily changing single-channel current or open-channel number. Effects on exocytosis of the readily releasable vesicle pool (RRP) were monitored by membrane capacitance recordings. Consistent with the high intrinsic Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>cooperativity of exocytosis, RRP exocytosis changed nonlinearly with the Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>current when varying the single-channel current. In contrast, the apparent Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>cooperativity of RRP exocytosis was close to unity when primarily manipulating the number of open channels. Our findings suggest a Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>channel–release site coupling in which few nearby Ca<jats:sub>V</jats:sub>1.3 channels impose high nanodomain [Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>] on release sites in IHCs during physiological stimulation. We postulate that the IHC ribbon synapse uses this Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup>nanodomain control of exocytosis to signal with high temporal precision already at low sound intensities.</jats:p> Few Ca<sub>V</sub>1.3 Channels Regulate the Exocytosis of a Synaptic Vesicle at the Hair Cell Ribbon Synapse The Journal of Neuroscience
spellingShingle Brandt, Andreas, Khimich, Darina, Moser, Tobias, The Journal of Neuroscience, Few CaV1.3 Channels Regulate the Exocytosis of a Synaptic Vesicle at the Hair Cell Ribbon Synapse, General Neuroscience
title Few CaV1.3 Channels Regulate the Exocytosis of a Synaptic Vesicle at the Hair Cell Ribbon Synapse
title_full Few CaV1.3 Channels Regulate the Exocytosis of a Synaptic Vesicle at the Hair Cell Ribbon Synapse
title_fullStr Few CaV1.3 Channels Regulate the Exocytosis of a Synaptic Vesicle at the Hair Cell Ribbon Synapse
title_full_unstemmed Few CaV1.3 Channels Regulate the Exocytosis of a Synaptic Vesicle at the Hair Cell Ribbon Synapse
title_short Few CaV1.3 Channels Regulate the Exocytosis of a Synaptic Vesicle at the Hair Cell Ribbon Synapse
title_sort few ca<sub>v</sub>1.3 channels regulate the exocytosis of a synaptic vesicle at the hair cell ribbon synapse
title_unstemmed Few CaV1.3 Channels Regulate the Exocytosis of a Synaptic Vesicle at the Hair Cell Ribbon Synapse
topic General Neuroscience
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3411-05.2005