author_facet Scharton-Kersten, Tanya
Yu, Jian-mei
Vassell, Russell
O'Hagan, Derek
Alving, Carl R.
Glenn, Gregory M.
Scharton-Kersten, Tanya
Yu, Jian-mei
Vassell, Russell
O'Hagan, Derek
Alving, Carl R.
Glenn, Gregory M.
author Scharton-Kersten, Tanya
Yu, Jian-mei
Vassell, Russell
O'Hagan, Derek
Alving, Carl R.
Glenn, Gregory M.
spellingShingle Scharton-Kersten, Tanya
Yu, Jian-mei
Vassell, Russell
O'Hagan, Derek
Alving, Carl R.
Glenn, Gregory M.
Infection and Immunity
Transcutaneous Immunization with Bacterial ADP-Ribosylating Exotoxins, Subunits, and Unrelated Adjuvants
Infectious Diseases
Immunology
Microbiology
Parasitology
author_sort scharton-kersten, tanya
spelling Scharton-Kersten, Tanya Yu, Jian-mei Vassell, Russell O'Hagan, Derek Alving, Carl R. Glenn, Gregory M. 0019-9567 1098-5522 American Society for Microbiology Infectious Diseases Immunology Microbiology Parasitology http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.9.5306-5313.2000 <jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>We have recently described a needle-free method of vaccination, transcutaneous immunization, consisting of the topical application of vaccine antigens to intact skin. While most proteins themselves are poor immunogens on the skin, we have shown that the addition of cholera toxin (CT), a mucosal adjuvant, results in cellular and humoral immune responses to the adjuvant and coadministered antigens. The present study explores the breadth of adjuvants that have activity on the skin, using diphtheria toxoid (DTx) and tetanus toxoid as model antigens. Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) displayed adjuvant properties similar to those of CT when used on the skin and induced protective immune responses against tetanus toxin challenge when applied topically at doses as low as 1 μg. Interestingly, enterotoxin derivatives LTR192G, LTK63, and LTR72 and the recombinant CT B subunit also exhibited adjuvant properties on the skin. Consistent with the latter finding, non-ADP-ribosylating exotoxins, including an oligonucleotide DNA sequence, as well as several cytokines (interleukin-1β [IL-1β] fragment, IL-2, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) and lipopolysaccharide also elicited detectable anti-DTx immunoglobulin G titers in the immunized mice. These results indicate that enhancement of the immune response to topical immunization is not restricted to CT or the ADP-ribosylating exotoxins as adjuvants. This study also reinforces earlier findings that addition of an adjuvant is important for the induction of robust immune responses to vaccine antigens delivered by topical application.</jats:p> Transcutaneous Immunization with Bacterial ADP-Ribosylating Exotoxins, Subunits, and Unrelated Adjuvants Infection and Immunity
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series Infection and Immunity
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title Transcutaneous Immunization with Bacterial ADP-Ribosylating Exotoxins, Subunits, and Unrelated Adjuvants
title_unstemmed Transcutaneous Immunization with Bacterial ADP-Ribosylating Exotoxins, Subunits, and Unrelated Adjuvants
title_full Transcutaneous Immunization with Bacterial ADP-Ribosylating Exotoxins, Subunits, and Unrelated Adjuvants
title_fullStr Transcutaneous Immunization with Bacterial ADP-Ribosylating Exotoxins, Subunits, and Unrelated Adjuvants
title_full_unstemmed Transcutaneous Immunization with Bacterial ADP-Ribosylating Exotoxins, Subunits, and Unrelated Adjuvants
title_short Transcutaneous Immunization with Bacterial ADP-Ribosylating Exotoxins, Subunits, and Unrelated Adjuvants
title_sort transcutaneous immunization with bacterial adp-ribosylating exotoxins, subunits, and unrelated adjuvants
topic Infectious Diseases
Immunology
Microbiology
Parasitology
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.9.5306-5313.2000
publishDate 2000
physical 5306-5313
description <jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>We have recently described a needle-free method of vaccination, transcutaneous immunization, consisting of the topical application of vaccine antigens to intact skin. While most proteins themselves are poor immunogens on the skin, we have shown that the addition of cholera toxin (CT), a mucosal adjuvant, results in cellular and humoral immune responses to the adjuvant and coadministered antigens. The present study explores the breadth of adjuvants that have activity on the skin, using diphtheria toxoid (DTx) and tetanus toxoid as model antigens. Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) displayed adjuvant properties similar to those of CT when used on the skin and induced protective immune responses against tetanus toxin challenge when applied topically at doses as low as 1 μg. Interestingly, enterotoxin derivatives LTR192G, LTK63, and LTR72 and the recombinant CT B subunit also exhibited adjuvant properties on the skin. Consistent with the latter finding, non-ADP-ribosylating exotoxins, including an oligonucleotide DNA sequence, as well as several cytokines (interleukin-1β [IL-1β] fragment, IL-2, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) and lipopolysaccharide also elicited detectable anti-DTx immunoglobulin G titers in the immunized mice. These results indicate that enhancement of the immune response to topical immunization is not restricted to CT or the ADP-ribosylating exotoxins as adjuvants. This study also reinforces earlier findings that addition of an adjuvant is important for the induction of robust immune responses to vaccine antigens delivered by topical application.</jats:p>
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author Scharton-Kersten, Tanya, Yu, Jian-mei, Vassell, Russell, O'Hagan, Derek, Alving, Carl R., Glenn, Gregory M.
author_facet Scharton-Kersten, Tanya, Yu, Jian-mei, Vassell, Russell, O'Hagan, Derek, Alving, Carl R., Glenn, Gregory M., Scharton-Kersten, Tanya, Yu, Jian-mei, Vassell, Russell, O'Hagan, Derek, Alving, Carl R., Glenn, Gregory M.
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description <jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>We have recently described a needle-free method of vaccination, transcutaneous immunization, consisting of the topical application of vaccine antigens to intact skin. While most proteins themselves are poor immunogens on the skin, we have shown that the addition of cholera toxin (CT), a mucosal adjuvant, results in cellular and humoral immune responses to the adjuvant and coadministered antigens. The present study explores the breadth of adjuvants that have activity on the skin, using diphtheria toxoid (DTx) and tetanus toxoid as model antigens. Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) displayed adjuvant properties similar to those of CT when used on the skin and induced protective immune responses against tetanus toxin challenge when applied topically at doses as low as 1 μg. Interestingly, enterotoxin derivatives LTR192G, LTK63, and LTR72 and the recombinant CT B subunit also exhibited adjuvant properties on the skin. Consistent with the latter finding, non-ADP-ribosylating exotoxins, including an oligonucleotide DNA sequence, as well as several cytokines (interleukin-1β [IL-1β] fragment, IL-2, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) and lipopolysaccharide also elicited detectable anti-DTx immunoglobulin G titers in the immunized mice. These results indicate that enhancement of the immune response to topical immunization is not restricted to CT or the ADP-ribosylating exotoxins as adjuvants. This study also reinforces earlier findings that addition of an adjuvant is important for the induction of robust immune responses to vaccine antigens delivered by topical application.</jats:p>
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spelling Scharton-Kersten, Tanya Yu, Jian-mei Vassell, Russell O'Hagan, Derek Alving, Carl R. Glenn, Gregory M. 0019-9567 1098-5522 American Society for Microbiology Infectious Diseases Immunology Microbiology Parasitology http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.9.5306-5313.2000 <jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>We have recently described a needle-free method of vaccination, transcutaneous immunization, consisting of the topical application of vaccine antigens to intact skin. While most proteins themselves are poor immunogens on the skin, we have shown that the addition of cholera toxin (CT), a mucosal adjuvant, results in cellular and humoral immune responses to the adjuvant and coadministered antigens. The present study explores the breadth of adjuvants that have activity on the skin, using diphtheria toxoid (DTx) and tetanus toxoid as model antigens. Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) displayed adjuvant properties similar to those of CT when used on the skin and induced protective immune responses against tetanus toxin challenge when applied topically at doses as low as 1 μg. Interestingly, enterotoxin derivatives LTR192G, LTK63, and LTR72 and the recombinant CT B subunit also exhibited adjuvant properties on the skin. Consistent with the latter finding, non-ADP-ribosylating exotoxins, including an oligonucleotide DNA sequence, as well as several cytokines (interleukin-1β [IL-1β] fragment, IL-2, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) and lipopolysaccharide also elicited detectable anti-DTx immunoglobulin G titers in the immunized mice. These results indicate that enhancement of the immune response to topical immunization is not restricted to CT or the ADP-ribosylating exotoxins as adjuvants. This study also reinforces earlier findings that addition of an adjuvant is important for the induction of robust immune responses to vaccine antigens delivered by topical application.</jats:p> Transcutaneous Immunization with Bacterial ADP-Ribosylating Exotoxins, Subunits, and Unrelated Adjuvants Infection and Immunity
spellingShingle Scharton-Kersten, Tanya, Yu, Jian-mei, Vassell, Russell, O'Hagan, Derek, Alving, Carl R., Glenn, Gregory M., Infection and Immunity, Transcutaneous Immunization with Bacterial ADP-Ribosylating Exotoxins, Subunits, and Unrelated Adjuvants, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Microbiology, Parasitology
title Transcutaneous Immunization with Bacterial ADP-Ribosylating Exotoxins, Subunits, and Unrelated Adjuvants
title_full Transcutaneous Immunization with Bacterial ADP-Ribosylating Exotoxins, Subunits, and Unrelated Adjuvants
title_fullStr Transcutaneous Immunization with Bacterial ADP-Ribosylating Exotoxins, Subunits, and Unrelated Adjuvants
title_full_unstemmed Transcutaneous Immunization with Bacterial ADP-Ribosylating Exotoxins, Subunits, and Unrelated Adjuvants
title_short Transcutaneous Immunization with Bacterial ADP-Ribosylating Exotoxins, Subunits, and Unrelated Adjuvants
title_sort transcutaneous immunization with bacterial adp-ribosylating exotoxins, subunits, and unrelated adjuvants
title_unstemmed Transcutaneous Immunization with Bacterial ADP-Ribosylating Exotoxins, Subunits, and Unrelated Adjuvants
topic Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Microbiology, Parasitology
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.9.5306-5313.2000