author_facet Onodi, C.
Bühler, P. K.
Thomas, J.
Schmitz, A.
Weiss, M.
Onodi, C.
Bühler, P. K.
Thomas, J.
Schmitz, A.
Weiss, M.
author Onodi, C.
Bühler, P. K.
Thomas, J.
Schmitz, A.
Weiss, M.
spellingShingle Onodi, C.
Bühler, P. K.
Thomas, J.
Schmitz, A.
Weiss, M.
Anaesthesia
Arterial to end‐tidal carbon dioxide difference in children undergoing mechanical ventilation of the lungs during general anaesthesia
Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
author_sort onodi, c.
spelling Onodi, C. Bühler, P. K. Thomas, J. Schmitz, A. Weiss, M. 0003-2409 1365-2044 Wiley Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/anae.13969 <jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p>Capnography (ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) is routinely used as a non‐invasive estimate of arterial carbon dioxide (Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) levels in order to modify ventilatory settings, whereby it is assumed that there is a positive gap between Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> of approximately 0.5 <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">kP</jats:styled-content>a. However, negative values (ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> &gt; Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) can be observed. We retrospectively analysed arterial to end‐tidal carbon dioxide differences in 799 children undergoing general anaesthesia with mechanical ventilation of the lungs in order to elucidate predictors for a negative gap. A total of 2452 blood gas analysis readings with complete vital sign monitoring, anaesthesia gas analysis and spirometry data were analysed. Mean arterial to end‐tidal carbon dioxide difference was −0.18 <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">kP</jats:styled-content>a (limits of 95% agreement −1.10 to 0.74) and 71.2% of samples demonstrated negative values. The intercept model revealed Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> to be the strongest predictor for a negative Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub>‐ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> difference. A decrease in Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> by 1 <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">kP</jats:styled-content>a resulted in a decrease in the Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub>‐ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> difference by 0.23 <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">kP</jats:styled-content>a. This study demonstrates that ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> monitoring in children whose lungs are mechanically ventilated may paradoxically lead to overestimation of ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> (ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> &gt; Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) with a subsequent risk of unrecognised hypocarbia.</jats:p> Arterial to end‐tidal carbon dioxide difference in children undergoing mechanical ventilation of the lungs during general anaesthesia Anaesthesia
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source_id 49
title Arterial to end‐tidal carbon dioxide difference in children undergoing mechanical ventilation of the lungs during general anaesthesia
title_unstemmed Arterial to end‐tidal carbon dioxide difference in children undergoing mechanical ventilation of the lungs during general anaesthesia
title_full Arterial to end‐tidal carbon dioxide difference in children undergoing mechanical ventilation of the lungs during general anaesthesia
title_fullStr Arterial to end‐tidal carbon dioxide difference in children undergoing mechanical ventilation of the lungs during general anaesthesia
title_full_unstemmed Arterial to end‐tidal carbon dioxide difference in children undergoing mechanical ventilation of the lungs during general anaesthesia
title_short Arterial to end‐tidal carbon dioxide difference in children undergoing mechanical ventilation of the lungs during general anaesthesia
title_sort arterial to end‐tidal carbon dioxide difference in children undergoing mechanical ventilation of the lungs during general anaesthesia
topic Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/anae.13969
publishDate 2017
physical 1357-1364
description <jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p>Capnography (ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) is routinely used as a non‐invasive estimate of arterial carbon dioxide (Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) levels in order to modify ventilatory settings, whereby it is assumed that there is a positive gap between Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> of approximately 0.5 <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">kP</jats:styled-content>a. However, negative values (ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> &gt; Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) can be observed. We retrospectively analysed arterial to end‐tidal carbon dioxide differences in 799 children undergoing general anaesthesia with mechanical ventilation of the lungs in order to elucidate predictors for a negative gap. A total of 2452 blood gas analysis readings with complete vital sign monitoring, anaesthesia gas analysis and spirometry data were analysed. Mean arterial to end‐tidal carbon dioxide difference was −0.18 <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">kP</jats:styled-content>a (limits of 95% agreement −1.10 to 0.74) and 71.2% of samples demonstrated negative values. The intercept model revealed Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> to be the strongest predictor for a negative Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub>‐ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> difference. A decrease in Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> by 1 <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">kP</jats:styled-content>a resulted in a decrease in the Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub>‐ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> difference by 0.23 <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">kP</jats:styled-content>a. This study demonstrates that ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> monitoring in children whose lungs are mechanically ventilated may paradoxically lead to overestimation of ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> (ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> &gt; Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) with a subsequent risk of unrecognised hypocarbia.</jats:p>
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author Onodi, C., Bühler, P. K., Thomas, J., Schmitz, A., Weiss, M.
author_facet Onodi, C., Bühler, P. K., Thomas, J., Schmitz, A., Weiss, M., Onodi, C., Bühler, P. K., Thomas, J., Schmitz, A., Weiss, M.
author_sort onodi, c.
container_issue 11
container_start_page 1357
container_title Anaesthesia
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description <jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p>Capnography (ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) is routinely used as a non‐invasive estimate of arterial carbon dioxide (Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) levels in order to modify ventilatory settings, whereby it is assumed that there is a positive gap between Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> of approximately 0.5 <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">kP</jats:styled-content>a. However, negative values (ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> &gt; Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) can be observed. We retrospectively analysed arterial to end‐tidal carbon dioxide differences in 799 children undergoing general anaesthesia with mechanical ventilation of the lungs in order to elucidate predictors for a negative gap. A total of 2452 blood gas analysis readings with complete vital sign monitoring, anaesthesia gas analysis and spirometry data were analysed. Mean arterial to end‐tidal carbon dioxide difference was −0.18 <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">kP</jats:styled-content>a (limits of 95% agreement −1.10 to 0.74) and 71.2% of samples demonstrated negative values. The intercept model revealed Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> to be the strongest predictor for a negative Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub>‐ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> difference. A decrease in Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> by 1 <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">kP</jats:styled-content>a resulted in a decrease in the Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub>‐ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> difference by 0.23 <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">kP</jats:styled-content>a. This study demonstrates that ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> monitoring in children whose lungs are mechanically ventilated may paradoxically lead to overestimation of ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> (ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> &gt; Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) with a subsequent risk of unrecognised hypocarbia.</jats:p>
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spelling Onodi, C. Bühler, P. K. Thomas, J. Schmitz, A. Weiss, M. 0003-2409 1365-2044 Wiley Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/anae.13969 <jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p>Capnography (ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) is routinely used as a non‐invasive estimate of arterial carbon dioxide (Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) levels in order to modify ventilatory settings, whereby it is assumed that there is a positive gap between Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> of approximately 0.5 <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">kP</jats:styled-content>a. However, negative values (ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> &gt; Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) can be observed. We retrospectively analysed arterial to end‐tidal carbon dioxide differences in 799 children undergoing general anaesthesia with mechanical ventilation of the lungs in order to elucidate predictors for a negative gap. A total of 2452 blood gas analysis readings with complete vital sign monitoring, anaesthesia gas analysis and spirometry data were analysed. Mean arterial to end‐tidal carbon dioxide difference was −0.18 <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">kP</jats:styled-content>a (limits of 95% agreement −1.10 to 0.74) and 71.2% of samples demonstrated negative values. The intercept model revealed Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> to be the strongest predictor for a negative Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub>‐ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> difference. A decrease in Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> by 1 <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">kP</jats:styled-content>a resulted in a decrease in the Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub>‐ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> difference by 0.23 <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">kP</jats:styled-content>a. This study demonstrates that ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> monitoring in children whose lungs are mechanically ventilated may paradoxically lead to overestimation of ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> (ET<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub> &gt; Pa<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CO</jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) with a subsequent risk of unrecognised hypocarbia.</jats:p> Arterial to end‐tidal carbon dioxide difference in children undergoing mechanical ventilation of the lungs during general anaesthesia Anaesthesia
spellingShingle Onodi, C., Bühler, P. K., Thomas, J., Schmitz, A., Weiss, M., Anaesthesia, Arterial to end‐tidal carbon dioxide difference in children undergoing mechanical ventilation of the lungs during general anaesthesia, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
title Arterial to end‐tidal carbon dioxide difference in children undergoing mechanical ventilation of the lungs during general anaesthesia
title_full Arterial to end‐tidal carbon dioxide difference in children undergoing mechanical ventilation of the lungs during general anaesthesia
title_fullStr Arterial to end‐tidal carbon dioxide difference in children undergoing mechanical ventilation of the lungs during general anaesthesia
title_full_unstemmed Arterial to end‐tidal carbon dioxide difference in children undergoing mechanical ventilation of the lungs during general anaesthesia
title_short Arterial to end‐tidal carbon dioxide difference in children undergoing mechanical ventilation of the lungs during general anaesthesia
title_sort arterial to end‐tidal carbon dioxide difference in children undergoing mechanical ventilation of the lungs during general anaesthesia
title_unstemmed Arterial to end‐tidal carbon dioxide difference in children undergoing mechanical ventilation of the lungs during general anaesthesia
topic Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/anae.13969