author_facet Murray, Peter J
Wynn, Thomas A
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Wynn, Thomas A
author Murray, Peter J
Wynn, Thomas A
spellingShingle Murray, Peter J
Wynn, Thomas A
Journal of Leukocyte Biology
Obstacles and opportunities for understanding macrophage polarization
Cell Biology
Immunology
Immunology and Allergy
author_sort murray, peter j
spelling Murray, Peter J Wynn, Thomas A 0741-5400 1938-3673 Oxford University Press (OUP) Cell Biology Immunology Immunology and Allergy http://dx.doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0710409 <jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>Macrophages are now routinely categorized into phenotypic subtypes based on gene expression induced in response to cytokine and pathogen-derived stimulation. In the broadest division, macrophages are described as being CAMs (M1 macrophages) or AAMs (M2 macrophages) based on their exposure to TLR and IFN signals or Th2 cytokines, respectively. Despite the prolific use of this simple classification scheme, little is known about the precise functions of effector molecules produced by AAMs, especially how representative the CAM and AAM subtypes are of tissue macrophages in homeostasis, infection, or tissue repair and how plasticity in gene expression regulates macrophage function in vivo. Furthermore, correlations between mouse and human tissue macrophages and their representative subtypes are lacking and are a major barrier to understanding human immunity. Here, we briefly summarize current features of macrophage polarization and discuss the roles of various macrophage subpopulations and macrophage-associated genes in health and disease.</jats:p> Obstacles and opportunities for understanding macrophage polarization Journal of Leukocyte Biology
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title Obstacles and opportunities for understanding macrophage polarization
title_unstemmed Obstacles and opportunities for understanding macrophage polarization
title_full Obstacles and opportunities for understanding macrophage polarization
title_fullStr Obstacles and opportunities for understanding macrophage polarization
title_full_unstemmed Obstacles and opportunities for understanding macrophage polarization
title_short Obstacles and opportunities for understanding macrophage polarization
title_sort obstacles and opportunities for understanding macrophage polarization
topic Cell Biology
Immunology
Immunology and Allergy
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0710409
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description <jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>Macrophages are now routinely categorized into phenotypic subtypes based on gene expression induced in response to cytokine and pathogen-derived stimulation. In the broadest division, macrophages are described as being CAMs (M1 macrophages) or AAMs (M2 macrophages) based on their exposure to TLR and IFN signals or Th2 cytokines, respectively. Despite the prolific use of this simple classification scheme, little is known about the precise functions of effector molecules produced by AAMs, especially how representative the CAM and AAM subtypes are of tissue macrophages in homeostasis, infection, or tissue repair and how plasticity in gene expression regulates macrophage function in vivo. Furthermore, correlations between mouse and human tissue macrophages and their representative subtypes are lacking and are a major barrier to understanding human immunity. Here, we briefly summarize current features of macrophage polarization and discuss the roles of various macrophage subpopulations and macrophage-associated genes in health and disease.</jats:p>
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description <jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>Macrophages are now routinely categorized into phenotypic subtypes based on gene expression induced in response to cytokine and pathogen-derived stimulation. In the broadest division, macrophages are described as being CAMs (M1 macrophages) or AAMs (M2 macrophages) based on their exposure to TLR and IFN signals or Th2 cytokines, respectively. Despite the prolific use of this simple classification scheme, little is known about the precise functions of effector molecules produced by AAMs, especially how representative the CAM and AAM subtypes are of tissue macrophages in homeostasis, infection, or tissue repair and how plasticity in gene expression regulates macrophage function in vivo. Furthermore, correlations between mouse and human tissue macrophages and their representative subtypes are lacking and are a major barrier to understanding human immunity. Here, we briefly summarize current features of macrophage polarization and discuss the roles of various macrophage subpopulations and macrophage-associated genes in health and disease.</jats:p>
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spelling Murray, Peter J Wynn, Thomas A 0741-5400 1938-3673 Oxford University Press (OUP) Cell Biology Immunology Immunology and Allergy http://dx.doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0710409 <jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>Macrophages are now routinely categorized into phenotypic subtypes based on gene expression induced in response to cytokine and pathogen-derived stimulation. In the broadest division, macrophages are described as being CAMs (M1 macrophages) or AAMs (M2 macrophages) based on their exposure to TLR and IFN signals or Th2 cytokines, respectively. Despite the prolific use of this simple classification scheme, little is known about the precise functions of effector molecules produced by AAMs, especially how representative the CAM and AAM subtypes are of tissue macrophages in homeostasis, infection, or tissue repair and how plasticity in gene expression regulates macrophage function in vivo. Furthermore, correlations between mouse and human tissue macrophages and their representative subtypes are lacking and are a major barrier to understanding human immunity. Here, we briefly summarize current features of macrophage polarization and discuss the roles of various macrophage subpopulations and macrophage-associated genes in health and disease.</jats:p> Obstacles and opportunities for understanding macrophage polarization Journal of Leukocyte Biology
spellingShingle Murray, Peter J, Wynn, Thomas A, Journal of Leukocyte Biology, Obstacles and opportunities for understanding macrophage polarization, Cell Biology, Immunology, Immunology and Allergy
title Obstacles and opportunities for understanding macrophage polarization
title_full Obstacles and opportunities for understanding macrophage polarization
title_fullStr Obstacles and opportunities for understanding macrophage polarization
title_full_unstemmed Obstacles and opportunities for understanding macrophage polarization
title_short Obstacles and opportunities for understanding macrophage polarization
title_sort obstacles and opportunities for understanding macrophage polarization
title_unstemmed Obstacles and opportunities for understanding macrophage polarization
topic Cell Biology, Immunology, Immunology and Allergy
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0710409