author_facet Xu, Hui
Cheepala, Satish
McCauley, Elisabeth
Coombes, Kevin
Xiao, Lianchun
Fischer, Susan M.
Clifford, John L.
Xu, Hui
Cheepala, Satish
McCauley, Elisabeth
Coombes, Kevin
Xiao, Lianchun
Fischer, Susan M.
Clifford, John L.
author Xu, Hui
Cheepala, Satish
McCauley, Elisabeth
Coombes, Kevin
Xiao, Lianchun
Fischer, Susan M.
Clifford, John L.
spellingShingle Xu, Hui
Cheepala, Satish
McCauley, Elisabeth
Coombes, Kevin
Xiao, Lianchun
Fischer, Susan M.
Clifford, John L.
Clinical Cancer Research
Chemoprevention of Skin Carcinogenesis by Phenylretinamides: Retinoid Receptor–Independent Tumor Suppression
Cancer Research
Oncology
author_sort xu, hui
spelling Xu, Hui Cheepala, Satish McCauley, Elisabeth Coombes, Kevin Xiao, Lianchun Fischer, Susan M. Clifford, John L. 1078-0432 1557-3265 American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Cancer Research Oncology http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-1648 <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Fenretinide [N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide or 4-HPR] is a synthetic retinoid analogue with antitumor and chemopreventive activities. N-(4-Methoxyphenyl)retinamide (4-MPR) is the most abundant metabolite of 4-HPR detected in human serum following 4-HPR therapy. We have shown in in vitro studies that 4-HPR and 4-MPR can act independent of the classic nuclear retinoid receptor pathway and that 4-HPR, but not 4-MPR, can also activate nuclear retinoid receptors. In this study, we have compared the chemopreventive effects of topically applied 4-HPR and 4-MPR with the primary biologically active retinoid, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), in vivo in the mouse skin two-stage chemical carcinogenesis model. All three retinoids suppressed tumor formation but the effect of 4-HPR and 4-MPR, and not of ATRA, was sustained after their discontinuation. The tumor-suppressive effects of 4-HPR and 4-MPR were quantitatively and qualitatively similar, suggesting that the two may be acting through the same retinoid receptor–independent mechanism(s). We further explored this effect in vitro by analyzing primary cultures of mouse keratinocytes treated with the same retinoids. All three could induce apoptosis with a 48-hour treatment and only ATRA and 4-HPR induced an accumulation of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. This finding is consistent with our previous results showing that the effects of phenylretinamides on the cell cycle are retinoid receptor dependent whereas apoptosis induction is not. A microarray-based comparison of gene expression profiles for mouse skin treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) alone and TPA + 4-HPR or TPA + 4-MPR reveals a high degree of coincidence between the genes regulated by the two phenylretinamides. We propose that 4-HPR may exert therapeutic and chemopreventive effects by acting primarily through a retinoid receptor–independent mechanism(s) and that 4-MPR may contribute to the therapeutic effect of 4-HPR by acting through the same retinoid receptor–independent mechanism(s).</jats:p> Chemoprevention of Skin Carcinogenesis by Phenylretinamides: Retinoid Receptor–Independent Tumor Suppression Clinical Cancer Research
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source_id 49
title Chemoprevention of Skin Carcinogenesis by Phenylretinamides: Retinoid Receptor–Independent Tumor Suppression
title_unstemmed Chemoprevention of Skin Carcinogenesis by Phenylretinamides: Retinoid Receptor–Independent Tumor Suppression
title_full Chemoprevention of Skin Carcinogenesis by Phenylretinamides: Retinoid Receptor–Independent Tumor Suppression
title_fullStr Chemoprevention of Skin Carcinogenesis by Phenylretinamides: Retinoid Receptor–Independent Tumor Suppression
title_full_unstemmed Chemoprevention of Skin Carcinogenesis by Phenylretinamides: Retinoid Receptor–Independent Tumor Suppression
title_short Chemoprevention of Skin Carcinogenesis by Phenylretinamides: Retinoid Receptor–Independent Tumor Suppression
title_sort chemoprevention of skin carcinogenesis by phenylretinamides: retinoid receptor–independent tumor suppression
topic Cancer Research
Oncology
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-1648
publishDate 2006
physical 969-979
description <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Fenretinide [N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide or 4-HPR] is a synthetic retinoid analogue with antitumor and chemopreventive activities. N-(4-Methoxyphenyl)retinamide (4-MPR) is the most abundant metabolite of 4-HPR detected in human serum following 4-HPR therapy. We have shown in in vitro studies that 4-HPR and 4-MPR can act independent of the classic nuclear retinoid receptor pathway and that 4-HPR, but not 4-MPR, can also activate nuclear retinoid receptors. In this study, we have compared the chemopreventive effects of topically applied 4-HPR and 4-MPR with the primary biologically active retinoid, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), in vivo in the mouse skin two-stage chemical carcinogenesis model. All three retinoids suppressed tumor formation but the effect of 4-HPR and 4-MPR, and not of ATRA, was sustained after their discontinuation. The tumor-suppressive effects of 4-HPR and 4-MPR were quantitatively and qualitatively similar, suggesting that the two may be acting through the same retinoid receptor–independent mechanism(s). We further explored this effect in vitro by analyzing primary cultures of mouse keratinocytes treated with the same retinoids. All three could induce apoptosis with a 48-hour treatment and only ATRA and 4-HPR induced an accumulation of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. This finding is consistent with our previous results showing that the effects of phenylretinamides on the cell cycle are retinoid receptor dependent whereas apoptosis induction is not. A microarray-based comparison of gene expression profiles for mouse skin treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) alone and TPA + 4-HPR or TPA + 4-MPR reveals a high degree of coincidence between the genes regulated by the two phenylretinamides. We propose that 4-HPR may exert therapeutic and chemopreventive effects by acting primarily through a retinoid receptor–independent mechanism(s) and that 4-MPR may contribute to the therapeutic effect of 4-HPR by acting through the same retinoid receptor–independent mechanism(s).</jats:p>
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author Xu, Hui, Cheepala, Satish, McCauley, Elisabeth, Coombes, Kevin, Xiao, Lianchun, Fischer, Susan M., Clifford, John L.
author_facet Xu, Hui, Cheepala, Satish, McCauley, Elisabeth, Coombes, Kevin, Xiao, Lianchun, Fischer, Susan M., Clifford, John L., Xu, Hui, Cheepala, Satish, McCauley, Elisabeth, Coombes, Kevin, Xiao, Lianchun, Fischer, Susan M., Clifford, John L.
author_sort xu, hui
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container_title Clinical Cancer Research
container_volume 12
description <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Fenretinide [N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide or 4-HPR] is a synthetic retinoid analogue with antitumor and chemopreventive activities. N-(4-Methoxyphenyl)retinamide (4-MPR) is the most abundant metabolite of 4-HPR detected in human serum following 4-HPR therapy. We have shown in in vitro studies that 4-HPR and 4-MPR can act independent of the classic nuclear retinoid receptor pathway and that 4-HPR, but not 4-MPR, can also activate nuclear retinoid receptors. In this study, we have compared the chemopreventive effects of topically applied 4-HPR and 4-MPR with the primary biologically active retinoid, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), in vivo in the mouse skin two-stage chemical carcinogenesis model. All three retinoids suppressed tumor formation but the effect of 4-HPR and 4-MPR, and not of ATRA, was sustained after their discontinuation. The tumor-suppressive effects of 4-HPR and 4-MPR were quantitatively and qualitatively similar, suggesting that the two may be acting through the same retinoid receptor–independent mechanism(s). We further explored this effect in vitro by analyzing primary cultures of mouse keratinocytes treated with the same retinoids. All three could induce apoptosis with a 48-hour treatment and only ATRA and 4-HPR induced an accumulation of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. This finding is consistent with our previous results showing that the effects of phenylretinamides on the cell cycle are retinoid receptor dependent whereas apoptosis induction is not. A microarray-based comparison of gene expression profiles for mouse skin treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) alone and TPA + 4-HPR or TPA + 4-MPR reveals a high degree of coincidence between the genes regulated by the two phenylretinamides. We propose that 4-HPR may exert therapeutic and chemopreventive effects by acting primarily through a retinoid receptor–independent mechanism(s) and that 4-MPR may contribute to the therapeutic effect of 4-HPR by acting through the same retinoid receptor–independent mechanism(s).</jats:p>
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imprint_str_mv American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), 2006
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spelling Xu, Hui Cheepala, Satish McCauley, Elisabeth Coombes, Kevin Xiao, Lianchun Fischer, Susan M. Clifford, John L. 1078-0432 1557-3265 American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Cancer Research Oncology http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-1648 <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Fenretinide [N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide or 4-HPR] is a synthetic retinoid analogue with antitumor and chemopreventive activities. N-(4-Methoxyphenyl)retinamide (4-MPR) is the most abundant metabolite of 4-HPR detected in human serum following 4-HPR therapy. We have shown in in vitro studies that 4-HPR and 4-MPR can act independent of the classic nuclear retinoid receptor pathway and that 4-HPR, but not 4-MPR, can also activate nuclear retinoid receptors. In this study, we have compared the chemopreventive effects of topically applied 4-HPR and 4-MPR with the primary biologically active retinoid, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), in vivo in the mouse skin two-stage chemical carcinogenesis model. All three retinoids suppressed tumor formation but the effect of 4-HPR and 4-MPR, and not of ATRA, was sustained after their discontinuation. The tumor-suppressive effects of 4-HPR and 4-MPR were quantitatively and qualitatively similar, suggesting that the two may be acting through the same retinoid receptor–independent mechanism(s). We further explored this effect in vitro by analyzing primary cultures of mouse keratinocytes treated with the same retinoids. All three could induce apoptosis with a 48-hour treatment and only ATRA and 4-HPR induced an accumulation of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. This finding is consistent with our previous results showing that the effects of phenylretinamides on the cell cycle are retinoid receptor dependent whereas apoptosis induction is not. A microarray-based comparison of gene expression profiles for mouse skin treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) alone and TPA + 4-HPR or TPA + 4-MPR reveals a high degree of coincidence between the genes regulated by the two phenylretinamides. We propose that 4-HPR may exert therapeutic and chemopreventive effects by acting primarily through a retinoid receptor–independent mechanism(s) and that 4-MPR may contribute to the therapeutic effect of 4-HPR by acting through the same retinoid receptor–independent mechanism(s).</jats:p> Chemoprevention of Skin Carcinogenesis by Phenylretinamides: Retinoid Receptor–Independent Tumor Suppression Clinical Cancer Research
spellingShingle Xu, Hui, Cheepala, Satish, McCauley, Elisabeth, Coombes, Kevin, Xiao, Lianchun, Fischer, Susan M., Clifford, John L., Clinical Cancer Research, Chemoprevention of Skin Carcinogenesis by Phenylretinamides: Retinoid Receptor–Independent Tumor Suppression, Cancer Research, Oncology
title Chemoprevention of Skin Carcinogenesis by Phenylretinamides: Retinoid Receptor–Independent Tumor Suppression
title_full Chemoprevention of Skin Carcinogenesis by Phenylretinamides: Retinoid Receptor–Independent Tumor Suppression
title_fullStr Chemoprevention of Skin Carcinogenesis by Phenylretinamides: Retinoid Receptor–Independent Tumor Suppression
title_full_unstemmed Chemoprevention of Skin Carcinogenesis by Phenylretinamides: Retinoid Receptor–Independent Tumor Suppression
title_short Chemoprevention of Skin Carcinogenesis by Phenylretinamides: Retinoid Receptor–Independent Tumor Suppression
title_sort chemoprevention of skin carcinogenesis by phenylretinamides: retinoid receptor–independent tumor suppression
title_unstemmed Chemoprevention of Skin Carcinogenesis by Phenylretinamides: Retinoid Receptor–Independent Tumor Suppression
topic Cancer Research, Oncology
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-1648