author_facet Zhao, H.
Zong, Q.‐G.
Zhao, H.
Zong, Q.‐G.
author Zhao, H.
Zong, Q.‐G.
spellingShingle Zhao, H.
Zong, Q.‐G.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
Seasonal and diurnal variation of geomagnetic activity: Russell‐McPherron effect during different IMF polarity and/or extreme solar wind conditions
Paleontology
Space and Planetary Science
Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)
Atmospheric Science
Earth-Surface Processes
Geochemistry and Petrology
Soil Science
Water Science and Technology
Ecology
Aquatic Science
Forestry
Oceanography
Geophysics
author_sort zhao, h.
spelling Zhao, H. Zong, Q.‐G. 0148-0227 American Geophysical Union (AGU) Paleontology Space and Planetary Science Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Atmospheric Science Earth-Surface Processes Geochemistry and Petrology Soil Science Water Science and Technology Ecology Aquatic Science Forestry Oceanography Geophysics http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012ja017845 <jats:p>The Russell‐McPherron (R‐M) effect is one of the most prevailing hypotheses accounting for semiannual variation of geomagnetic activity. To validate the R‐M effect and investigate the difference of geomagnetic activity variation under different interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) polarity and during extreme solar wind conditions (interplanetary shock), we have analyzed 42 years interplanetary magnetic field and geomagnetic indices data and 1270 SSC (storm sudden commencement) events from the year 1968 to 2010 by defining the R‐M effect with positive/negative IMF polarity (IMF away/toward the Sun). The results obtained in this study have shown that the response of geomagnetic activity to the R‐M effect with positive/negative IMF polarity are rather profound: the geomagnetic activity is much more intense around fall equinox when the direction of IMF is away the Sun, while much more intense around spring equinox when the direction of IMF is toward the Sun. The seasonal and diurnal variation of geomagnetic activity after SSCs can be attributed to both R‐M effect and the equinoctial hypothesis; the R‐M effect explains most part of variance of southward IMF, while the equinoctial hypothesis explains similar variance of ring current injection and geomagnetic indices as the R‐M effect. However, the R‐M effect with positive/negative IMF polarity explains the difference between SSCs with positive/negative IMF<jats:italic>B</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>y</jats:italic></jats:sub>accurately, while the equinoctial hypothesis cannot explain such difference at the spring and fall equinoxes. Thus, the R‐M effect with positive/negative IMF polarity is more reasonable to explain seasonal and diurnal variation of geomagnetic activity under extreme solar wind conditions.</jats:p> Seasonal and diurnal variation of geomagnetic activity: Russell‐McPherron effect during different IMF polarity and/or extreme solar wind conditions Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
doi_str_mv 10.1029/2012ja017845
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Physik
Technik
Geologie und Paläontologie
Geographie
Chemie und Pharmazie
Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
Biologie
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series Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
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title Seasonal and diurnal variation of geomagnetic activity: Russell‐McPherron effect during different IMF polarity and/or extreme solar wind conditions
title_unstemmed Seasonal and diurnal variation of geomagnetic activity: Russell‐McPherron effect during different IMF polarity and/or extreme solar wind conditions
title_full Seasonal and diurnal variation of geomagnetic activity: Russell‐McPherron effect during different IMF polarity and/or extreme solar wind conditions
title_fullStr Seasonal and diurnal variation of geomagnetic activity: Russell‐McPherron effect during different IMF polarity and/or extreme solar wind conditions
title_full_unstemmed Seasonal and diurnal variation of geomagnetic activity: Russell‐McPherron effect during different IMF polarity and/or extreme solar wind conditions
title_short Seasonal and diurnal variation of geomagnetic activity: Russell‐McPherron effect during different IMF polarity and/or extreme solar wind conditions
title_sort seasonal and diurnal variation of geomagnetic activity: russell‐mcpherron effect during different imf polarity and/or extreme solar wind conditions
topic Paleontology
Space and Planetary Science
Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)
Atmospheric Science
Earth-Surface Processes
Geochemistry and Petrology
Soil Science
Water Science and Technology
Ecology
Aquatic Science
Forestry
Oceanography
Geophysics
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012ja017845
publishDate 2012
physical
description <jats:p>The Russell‐McPherron (R‐M) effect is one of the most prevailing hypotheses accounting for semiannual variation of geomagnetic activity. To validate the R‐M effect and investigate the difference of geomagnetic activity variation under different interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) polarity and during extreme solar wind conditions (interplanetary shock), we have analyzed 42 years interplanetary magnetic field and geomagnetic indices data and 1270 SSC (storm sudden commencement) events from the year 1968 to 2010 by defining the R‐M effect with positive/negative IMF polarity (IMF away/toward the Sun). The results obtained in this study have shown that the response of geomagnetic activity to the R‐M effect with positive/negative IMF polarity are rather profound: the geomagnetic activity is much more intense around fall equinox when the direction of IMF is away the Sun, while much more intense around spring equinox when the direction of IMF is toward the Sun. The seasonal and diurnal variation of geomagnetic activity after SSCs can be attributed to both R‐M effect and the equinoctial hypothesis; the R‐M effect explains most part of variance of southward IMF, while the equinoctial hypothesis explains similar variance of ring current injection and geomagnetic indices as the R‐M effect. However, the R‐M effect with positive/negative IMF polarity explains the difference between SSCs with positive/negative IMF<jats:italic>B</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>y</jats:italic></jats:sub>accurately, while the equinoctial hypothesis cannot explain such difference at the spring and fall equinoxes. Thus, the R‐M effect with positive/negative IMF polarity is more reasonable to explain seasonal and diurnal variation of geomagnetic activity under extreme solar wind conditions.</jats:p>
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author Zhao, H., Zong, Q.‐G.
author_facet Zhao, H., Zong, Q.‐G., Zhao, H., Zong, Q.‐G.
author_sort zhao, h.
container_issue A11
container_start_page 0
container_title Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
container_volume 117
description <jats:p>The Russell‐McPherron (R‐M) effect is one of the most prevailing hypotheses accounting for semiannual variation of geomagnetic activity. To validate the R‐M effect and investigate the difference of geomagnetic activity variation under different interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) polarity and during extreme solar wind conditions (interplanetary shock), we have analyzed 42 years interplanetary magnetic field and geomagnetic indices data and 1270 SSC (storm sudden commencement) events from the year 1968 to 2010 by defining the R‐M effect with positive/negative IMF polarity (IMF away/toward the Sun). The results obtained in this study have shown that the response of geomagnetic activity to the R‐M effect with positive/negative IMF polarity are rather profound: the geomagnetic activity is much more intense around fall equinox when the direction of IMF is away the Sun, while much more intense around spring equinox when the direction of IMF is toward the Sun. The seasonal and diurnal variation of geomagnetic activity after SSCs can be attributed to both R‐M effect and the equinoctial hypothesis; the R‐M effect explains most part of variance of southward IMF, while the equinoctial hypothesis explains similar variance of ring current injection and geomagnetic indices as the R‐M effect. However, the R‐M effect with positive/negative IMF polarity explains the difference between SSCs with positive/negative IMF<jats:italic>B</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>y</jats:italic></jats:sub>accurately, while the equinoctial hypothesis cannot explain such difference at the spring and fall equinoxes. Thus, the R‐M effect with positive/negative IMF polarity is more reasonable to explain seasonal and diurnal variation of geomagnetic activity under extreme solar wind conditions.</jats:p>
doi_str_mv 10.1029/2012ja017845
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spelling Zhao, H. Zong, Q.‐G. 0148-0227 American Geophysical Union (AGU) Paleontology Space and Planetary Science Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Atmospheric Science Earth-Surface Processes Geochemistry and Petrology Soil Science Water Science and Technology Ecology Aquatic Science Forestry Oceanography Geophysics http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012ja017845 <jats:p>The Russell‐McPherron (R‐M) effect is one of the most prevailing hypotheses accounting for semiannual variation of geomagnetic activity. To validate the R‐M effect and investigate the difference of geomagnetic activity variation under different interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) polarity and during extreme solar wind conditions (interplanetary shock), we have analyzed 42 years interplanetary magnetic field and geomagnetic indices data and 1270 SSC (storm sudden commencement) events from the year 1968 to 2010 by defining the R‐M effect with positive/negative IMF polarity (IMF away/toward the Sun). The results obtained in this study have shown that the response of geomagnetic activity to the R‐M effect with positive/negative IMF polarity are rather profound: the geomagnetic activity is much more intense around fall equinox when the direction of IMF is away the Sun, while much more intense around spring equinox when the direction of IMF is toward the Sun. The seasonal and diurnal variation of geomagnetic activity after SSCs can be attributed to both R‐M effect and the equinoctial hypothesis; the R‐M effect explains most part of variance of southward IMF, while the equinoctial hypothesis explains similar variance of ring current injection and geomagnetic indices as the R‐M effect. However, the R‐M effect with positive/negative IMF polarity explains the difference between SSCs with positive/negative IMF<jats:italic>B</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>y</jats:italic></jats:sub>accurately, while the equinoctial hypothesis cannot explain such difference at the spring and fall equinoxes. Thus, the R‐M effect with positive/negative IMF polarity is more reasonable to explain seasonal and diurnal variation of geomagnetic activity under extreme solar wind conditions.</jats:p> Seasonal and diurnal variation of geomagnetic activity: Russell‐McPherron effect during different IMF polarity and/or extreme solar wind conditions Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
spellingShingle Zhao, H., Zong, Q.‐G., Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Seasonal and diurnal variation of geomagnetic activity: Russell‐McPherron effect during different IMF polarity and/or extreme solar wind conditions, Paleontology, Space and Planetary Science, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Atmospheric Science, Earth-Surface Processes, Geochemistry and Petrology, Soil Science, Water Science and Technology, Ecology, Aquatic Science, Forestry, Oceanography, Geophysics
title Seasonal and diurnal variation of geomagnetic activity: Russell‐McPherron effect during different IMF polarity and/or extreme solar wind conditions
title_full Seasonal and diurnal variation of geomagnetic activity: Russell‐McPherron effect during different IMF polarity and/or extreme solar wind conditions
title_fullStr Seasonal and diurnal variation of geomagnetic activity: Russell‐McPherron effect during different IMF polarity and/or extreme solar wind conditions
title_full_unstemmed Seasonal and diurnal variation of geomagnetic activity: Russell‐McPherron effect during different IMF polarity and/or extreme solar wind conditions
title_short Seasonal and diurnal variation of geomagnetic activity: Russell‐McPherron effect during different IMF polarity and/or extreme solar wind conditions
title_sort seasonal and diurnal variation of geomagnetic activity: russell‐mcpherron effect during different imf polarity and/or extreme solar wind conditions
title_unstemmed Seasonal and diurnal variation of geomagnetic activity: Russell‐McPherron effect during different IMF polarity and/or extreme solar wind conditions
topic Paleontology, Space and Planetary Science, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Atmospheric Science, Earth-Surface Processes, Geochemistry and Petrology, Soil Science, Water Science and Technology, Ecology, Aquatic Science, Forestry, Oceanography, Geophysics
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012ja017845