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Direct numerical simulation of an iron rain in the magma ocean
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| Zeitschriftentitel: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
|---|---|
| Personen und Körperschaften: | , , |
| In: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 115, 2010, B1 |
| Format: | E-Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| veröffentlicht: |
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
|
| Schlagwörter: |
| author_facet |
Ichikawa, H. Labrosse, S. Kurita, K. Ichikawa, H. Labrosse, S. Kurita, K. |
|---|---|
| author |
Ichikawa, H. Labrosse, S. Kurita, K. |
| spellingShingle |
Ichikawa, H. Labrosse, S. Kurita, K. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Direct numerical simulation of an iron rain in the magma ocean Paleontology Space and Planetary Science Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Atmospheric Science Earth-Surface Processes Geochemistry and Petrology Soil Science Water Science and Technology Ecology Aquatic Science Forestry Oceanography Geophysics |
| author_sort |
ichikawa, h. |
| spelling |
Ichikawa, H. Labrosse, S. Kurita, K. 0148-0227 American Geophysical Union (AGU) Paleontology Space and Planetary Science Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Atmospheric Science Earth-Surface Processes Geochemistry and Petrology Soil Science Water Science and Technology Ecology Aquatic Science Forestry Oceanography Geophysics http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009jb006427 <jats:p>Core formation in terrestrial planets is a complex process, possibly involving several mechanisms. This paper presents a direct numerical simulation of one of these, the separation of an emulsion of metal in a magma ocean. The model, using a fully Lagrangian approach called the moving particle semi‐implicit method, solves the equations of fluid dynamics, including a proper treatment of surface tension. It allows investigation of the balances controlling the distribution of drop size and velocity, in both two‐ and three‐dimensional situations. A scaling analysis where buoyancy is balanced by both surface tension and inertia correctly predicts the average values in these quantities. The full calculation gives an average drop radius of 1.5 cm falling at a velocity of about 30 cm s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. Analysis of the full distribution remains interesting and shows that a significant part of the smallest droplets is entrained upward by the return flow in molten silicate and might be entrained by succeeding thermal convection. In addition, we investigate the conversion of gravitational energy into viscous heating and the thermal equilibration between both phases. We find that viscous heating is essentially produced at the surface of iron drops and that thermal equilibration is dominated by advection. Scaling thermal diffusion to chemical diffusion leads to the estimation that the latter would happen in less than 100 m in the magma ocean.</jats:p> Direct numerical simulation of an iron rain in the magma ocean Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
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Physik Technik Geologie und Paläontologie Geographie Chemie und Pharmazie Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft Biologie Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft |
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| title |
Direct numerical simulation of an iron rain in the magma ocean |
| title_unstemmed |
Direct numerical simulation of an iron rain in the magma ocean |
| title_full |
Direct numerical simulation of an iron rain in the magma ocean |
| title_fullStr |
Direct numerical simulation of an iron rain in the magma ocean |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Direct numerical simulation of an iron rain in the magma ocean |
| title_short |
Direct numerical simulation of an iron rain in the magma ocean |
| title_sort |
direct numerical simulation of an iron rain in the magma ocean |
| topic |
Paleontology Space and Planetary Science Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Atmospheric Science Earth-Surface Processes Geochemistry and Petrology Soil Science Water Science and Technology Ecology Aquatic Science Forestry Oceanography Geophysics |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009jb006427 |
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2010 |
| physical |
|
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<jats:p>Core formation in terrestrial planets is a complex process, possibly involving several mechanisms. This paper presents a direct numerical simulation of one of these, the separation of an emulsion of metal in a magma ocean. The model, using a fully Lagrangian approach called the moving particle semi‐implicit method, solves the equations of fluid dynamics, including a proper treatment of surface tension. It allows investigation of the balances controlling the distribution of drop size and velocity, in both two‐ and three‐dimensional situations. A scaling analysis where buoyancy is balanced by both surface tension and inertia correctly predicts the average values in these quantities. The full calculation gives an average drop radius of 1.5 cm falling at a velocity of about 30 cm s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. Analysis of the full distribution remains interesting and shows that a significant part of the smallest droplets is entrained upward by the return flow in molten silicate and might be entrained by succeeding thermal convection. In addition, we investigate the conversion of gravitational energy into viscous heating and the thermal equilibration between both phases. We find that viscous heating is essentially produced at the surface of iron drops and that thermal equilibration is dominated by advection. Scaling thermal diffusion to chemical diffusion leads to the estimation that the latter would happen in less than 100 m in the magma ocean.</jats:p> |
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| author | Ichikawa, H., Labrosse, S., Kurita, K. |
| author_facet | Ichikawa, H., Labrosse, S., Kurita, K., Ichikawa, H., Labrosse, S., Kurita, K. |
| author_sort | ichikawa, h. |
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| description | <jats:p>Core formation in terrestrial planets is a complex process, possibly involving several mechanisms. This paper presents a direct numerical simulation of one of these, the separation of an emulsion of metal in a magma ocean. The model, using a fully Lagrangian approach called the moving particle semi‐implicit method, solves the equations of fluid dynamics, including a proper treatment of surface tension. It allows investigation of the balances controlling the distribution of drop size and velocity, in both two‐ and three‐dimensional situations. A scaling analysis where buoyancy is balanced by both surface tension and inertia correctly predicts the average values in these quantities. The full calculation gives an average drop radius of 1.5 cm falling at a velocity of about 30 cm s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. Analysis of the full distribution remains interesting and shows that a significant part of the smallest droplets is entrained upward by the return flow in molten silicate and might be entrained by succeeding thermal convection. In addition, we investigate the conversion of gravitational energy into viscous heating and the thermal equilibration between both phases. We find that viscous heating is essentially produced at the surface of iron drops and that thermal equilibration is dominated by advection. Scaling thermal diffusion to chemical diffusion leads to the estimation that the latter would happen in less than 100 m in the magma ocean.</jats:p> |
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| imprint_str_mv | American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2010 |
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| spelling | Ichikawa, H. Labrosse, S. Kurita, K. 0148-0227 American Geophysical Union (AGU) Paleontology Space and Planetary Science Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Atmospheric Science Earth-Surface Processes Geochemistry and Petrology Soil Science Water Science and Technology Ecology Aquatic Science Forestry Oceanography Geophysics http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009jb006427 <jats:p>Core formation in terrestrial planets is a complex process, possibly involving several mechanisms. This paper presents a direct numerical simulation of one of these, the separation of an emulsion of metal in a magma ocean. The model, using a fully Lagrangian approach called the moving particle semi‐implicit method, solves the equations of fluid dynamics, including a proper treatment of surface tension. It allows investigation of the balances controlling the distribution of drop size and velocity, in both two‐ and three‐dimensional situations. A scaling analysis where buoyancy is balanced by both surface tension and inertia correctly predicts the average values in these quantities. The full calculation gives an average drop radius of 1.5 cm falling at a velocity of about 30 cm s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. Analysis of the full distribution remains interesting and shows that a significant part of the smallest droplets is entrained upward by the return flow in molten silicate and might be entrained by succeeding thermal convection. In addition, we investigate the conversion of gravitational energy into viscous heating and the thermal equilibration between both phases. We find that viscous heating is essentially produced at the surface of iron drops and that thermal equilibration is dominated by advection. Scaling thermal diffusion to chemical diffusion leads to the estimation that the latter would happen in less than 100 m in the magma ocean.</jats:p> Direct numerical simulation of an iron rain in the magma ocean Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
| spellingShingle | Ichikawa, H., Labrosse, S., Kurita, K., Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Direct numerical simulation of an iron rain in the magma ocean, Paleontology, Space and Planetary Science, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Atmospheric Science, Earth-Surface Processes, Geochemistry and Petrology, Soil Science, Water Science and Technology, Ecology, Aquatic Science, Forestry, Oceanography, Geophysics |
| title | Direct numerical simulation of an iron rain in the magma ocean |
| title_full | Direct numerical simulation of an iron rain in the magma ocean |
| title_fullStr | Direct numerical simulation of an iron rain in the magma ocean |
| title_full_unstemmed | Direct numerical simulation of an iron rain in the magma ocean |
| title_short | Direct numerical simulation of an iron rain in the magma ocean |
| title_sort | direct numerical simulation of an iron rain in the magma ocean |
| title_unstemmed | Direct numerical simulation of an iron rain in the magma ocean |
| topic | Paleontology, Space and Planetary Science, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Atmospheric Science, Earth-Surface Processes, Geochemistry and Petrology, Soil Science, Water Science and Technology, Ecology, Aquatic Science, Forestry, Oceanography, Geophysics |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009jb006427 |