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Physico‐chemical and optical properties of Sahelian and Saharan mineral dust: in situ measurements during the GERBILS campaign
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| Zeitschriftentitel: | Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |
|---|---|
| Personen und Körperschaften: | , , , , , , , , , |
| In: | Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 137, 2011, 658, S. 1193-1210 |
| Format: | E-Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| veröffentlicht: |
Wiley
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| Schlagwörter: |
| author_facet |
Klaver, Anne Formenti, Paola Caquineau, Sandrine Chevaillier, Servanne Ausset, Patrick Calzolai, Giulia Osborne, Simon Johnson, Ben Harrison, Mark Dubovik, Oleg Klaver, Anne Formenti, Paola Caquineau, Sandrine Chevaillier, Servanne Ausset, Patrick Calzolai, Giulia Osborne, Simon Johnson, Ben Harrison, Mark Dubovik, Oleg |
|---|---|
| author |
Klaver, Anne Formenti, Paola Caquineau, Sandrine Chevaillier, Servanne Ausset, Patrick Calzolai, Giulia Osborne, Simon Johnson, Ben Harrison, Mark Dubovik, Oleg |
| spellingShingle |
Klaver, Anne Formenti, Paola Caquineau, Sandrine Chevaillier, Servanne Ausset, Patrick Calzolai, Giulia Osborne, Simon Johnson, Ben Harrison, Mark Dubovik, Oleg Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society Physico‐chemical and optical properties of Sahelian and Saharan mineral dust: in situ measurements during the GERBILS campaign Atmospheric Science |
| author_sort |
klaver, anne |
| spelling |
Klaver, Anne Formenti, Paola Caquineau, Sandrine Chevaillier, Servanne Ausset, Patrick Calzolai, Giulia Osborne, Simon Johnson, Ben Harrison, Mark Dubovik, Oleg 0035-9009 1477-870X Wiley Atmospheric Science http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.889 <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>This paper presents new results on the composition, size and shape of mineral dust particles from African sources which were obtained by analysis of bulk filter samples collected in June 2007 onboard the BAe‐146 research aircraft of the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM). The aircraft was operated over Mauritania, Mali and Niger during the Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget Intercomparisons of Longwave and Shortwave radiation (GERBILS) campaign. Dust sampled during the campaign originated from various sources, including locally in the Sahel as a result of large‐scale convective activity.</jats:p><jats:p>Regardless of origin, clays (illite, kaolinite) dominated the total volume (79–90%); the remainder was composed of quartz, calcium‐rich minerals (calcite, dolomite, gypsum) and alkali feldspars. Iron oxides, measured using a selective chemical extraction method, accounted for 1–3% of the total dust mass. The dependence of particle number size and shape distribution on the origin of dust seems minor too, although our results might be slightly misleading due to the fact that those kinds of data have been gathered on flights when dust had comparable origins and residence time.</jats:p><jats:p>Mineral dust is only weakly absorbing in the mid‐visible wavelengths (single scattering albedo <jats:italic>ω</jats:italic><jats:sub>0</jats:sub> > 0.95 at 550 nm), and <jats:italic>ω</jats:italic><jats:sub>0</jats:sub> measured values can be reproduced by measuring the bulk fractions of the major minerals, i.e. clays, quartz, calcite and iron oxides. At this wavelength, knowledge of the nature of clays and iron oxides, or the state of mixing of the minerals, does not induce significant differences in the results. A more precise description of the nature of clays and iron oxides is necessary at lower wavelengths owing to larger differences in their spectral optical properties. In particular, knowledge of the nature of the dominant clay is important for determining light scattering in the backward hemisphere. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society and British Crown Copyright, the Met Office</jats:p> Physico‐chemical and optical properties of Sahelian and Saharan mineral dust: <i>in situ</i> measurements during the GERBILS campaign Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |
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| title |
Physico‐chemical and optical properties of Sahelian and Saharan mineral dust: in situ measurements during the GERBILS campaign |
| title_unstemmed |
Physico‐chemical and optical properties of Sahelian and Saharan mineral dust: in situ measurements during the GERBILS campaign |
| title_full |
Physico‐chemical and optical properties of Sahelian and Saharan mineral dust: in situ measurements during the GERBILS campaign |
| title_fullStr |
Physico‐chemical and optical properties of Sahelian and Saharan mineral dust: in situ measurements during the GERBILS campaign |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Physico‐chemical and optical properties of Sahelian and Saharan mineral dust: in situ measurements during the GERBILS campaign |
| title_short |
Physico‐chemical and optical properties of Sahelian and Saharan mineral dust: in situ measurements during the GERBILS campaign |
| title_sort |
physico‐chemical and optical properties of sahelian and saharan mineral dust: <i>in situ</i> measurements during the gerbils campaign |
| topic |
Atmospheric Science |
| url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.889 |
| publishDate |
2011 |
| physical |
1193-1210 |
| description |
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>This paper presents new results on the composition, size and shape of mineral dust particles from African sources which were obtained by analysis of bulk filter samples collected in June 2007 onboard the BAe‐146 research aircraft of the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM). The aircraft was operated over Mauritania, Mali and Niger during the Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget Intercomparisons of Longwave and Shortwave radiation (GERBILS) campaign. Dust sampled during the campaign originated from various sources, including locally in the Sahel as a result of large‐scale convective activity.</jats:p><jats:p>Regardless of origin, clays (illite, kaolinite) dominated the total volume (79–90%); the remainder was composed of quartz, calcium‐rich minerals (calcite, dolomite, gypsum) and alkali feldspars. Iron oxides, measured using a selective chemical extraction method, accounted for 1–3% of the total dust mass. The dependence of particle number size and shape distribution on the origin of dust seems minor too, although our results might be slightly misleading due to the fact that those kinds of data have been gathered on flights when dust had comparable origins and residence time.</jats:p><jats:p>Mineral dust is only weakly absorbing in the mid‐visible wavelengths (single scattering albedo <jats:italic>ω</jats:italic><jats:sub>0</jats:sub> > 0.95 at 550 nm), and <jats:italic>ω</jats:italic><jats:sub>0</jats:sub> measured values can be reproduced by measuring the bulk fractions of the major minerals, i.e. clays, quartz, calcite and iron oxides. At this wavelength, knowledge of the nature of clays and iron oxides, or the state of mixing of the minerals, does not induce significant differences in the results. A more precise description of the nature of clays and iron oxides is necessary at lower wavelengths owing to larger differences in their spectral optical properties. In particular, knowledge of the nature of the dominant clay is important for determining light scattering in the backward hemisphere. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society and British Crown Copyright, the Met Office</jats:p> |
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| author | Klaver, Anne, Formenti, Paola, Caquineau, Sandrine, Chevaillier, Servanne, Ausset, Patrick, Calzolai, Giulia, Osborne, Simon, Johnson, Ben, Harrison, Mark, Dubovik, Oleg |
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| description | <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>This paper presents new results on the composition, size and shape of mineral dust particles from African sources which were obtained by analysis of bulk filter samples collected in June 2007 onboard the BAe‐146 research aircraft of the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM). The aircraft was operated over Mauritania, Mali and Niger during the Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget Intercomparisons of Longwave and Shortwave radiation (GERBILS) campaign. Dust sampled during the campaign originated from various sources, including locally in the Sahel as a result of large‐scale convective activity.</jats:p><jats:p>Regardless of origin, clays (illite, kaolinite) dominated the total volume (79–90%); the remainder was composed of quartz, calcium‐rich minerals (calcite, dolomite, gypsum) and alkali feldspars. Iron oxides, measured using a selective chemical extraction method, accounted for 1–3% of the total dust mass. The dependence of particle number size and shape distribution on the origin of dust seems minor too, although our results might be slightly misleading due to the fact that those kinds of data have been gathered on flights when dust had comparable origins and residence time.</jats:p><jats:p>Mineral dust is only weakly absorbing in the mid‐visible wavelengths (single scattering albedo <jats:italic>ω</jats:italic><jats:sub>0</jats:sub> > 0.95 at 550 nm), and <jats:italic>ω</jats:italic><jats:sub>0</jats:sub> measured values can be reproduced by measuring the bulk fractions of the major minerals, i.e. clays, quartz, calcite and iron oxides. At this wavelength, knowledge of the nature of clays and iron oxides, or the state of mixing of the minerals, does not induce significant differences in the results. A more precise description of the nature of clays and iron oxides is necessary at lower wavelengths owing to larger differences in their spectral optical properties. In particular, knowledge of the nature of the dominant clay is important for determining light scattering in the backward hemisphere. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society and British Crown Copyright, the Met Office</jats:p> |
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| spelling | Klaver, Anne Formenti, Paola Caquineau, Sandrine Chevaillier, Servanne Ausset, Patrick Calzolai, Giulia Osborne, Simon Johnson, Ben Harrison, Mark Dubovik, Oleg 0035-9009 1477-870X Wiley Atmospheric Science http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.889 <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>This paper presents new results on the composition, size and shape of mineral dust particles from African sources which were obtained by analysis of bulk filter samples collected in June 2007 onboard the BAe‐146 research aircraft of the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM). The aircraft was operated over Mauritania, Mali and Niger during the Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget Intercomparisons of Longwave and Shortwave radiation (GERBILS) campaign. Dust sampled during the campaign originated from various sources, including locally in the Sahel as a result of large‐scale convective activity.</jats:p><jats:p>Regardless of origin, clays (illite, kaolinite) dominated the total volume (79–90%); the remainder was composed of quartz, calcium‐rich minerals (calcite, dolomite, gypsum) and alkali feldspars. Iron oxides, measured using a selective chemical extraction method, accounted for 1–3% of the total dust mass. The dependence of particle number size and shape distribution on the origin of dust seems minor too, although our results might be slightly misleading due to the fact that those kinds of data have been gathered on flights when dust had comparable origins and residence time.</jats:p><jats:p>Mineral dust is only weakly absorbing in the mid‐visible wavelengths (single scattering albedo <jats:italic>ω</jats:italic><jats:sub>0</jats:sub> > 0.95 at 550 nm), and <jats:italic>ω</jats:italic><jats:sub>0</jats:sub> measured values can be reproduced by measuring the bulk fractions of the major minerals, i.e. clays, quartz, calcite and iron oxides. At this wavelength, knowledge of the nature of clays and iron oxides, or the state of mixing of the minerals, does not induce significant differences in the results. A more precise description of the nature of clays and iron oxides is necessary at lower wavelengths owing to larger differences in their spectral optical properties. In particular, knowledge of the nature of the dominant clay is important for determining light scattering in the backward hemisphere. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society and British Crown Copyright, the Met Office</jats:p> Physico‐chemical and optical properties of Sahelian and Saharan mineral dust: <i>in situ</i> measurements during the GERBILS campaign Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |
| spellingShingle | Klaver, Anne, Formenti, Paola, Caquineau, Sandrine, Chevaillier, Servanne, Ausset, Patrick, Calzolai, Giulia, Osborne, Simon, Johnson, Ben, Harrison, Mark, Dubovik, Oleg, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Physico‐chemical and optical properties of Sahelian and Saharan mineral dust: in situ measurements during the GERBILS campaign, Atmospheric Science |
| title | Physico‐chemical and optical properties of Sahelian and Saharan mineral dust: in situ measurements during the GERBILS campaign |
| title_full | Physico‐chemical and optical properties of Sahelian and Saharan mineral dust: in situ measurements during the GERBILS campaign |
| title_fullStr | Physico‐chemical and optical properties of Sahelian and Saharan mineral dust: in situ measurements during the GERBILS campaign |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physico‐chemical and optical properties of Sahelian and Saharan mineral dust: in situ measurements during the GERBILS campaign |
| title_short | Physico‐chemical and optical properties of Sahelian and Saharan mineral dust: in situ measurements during the GERBILS campaign |
| title_sort | physico‐chemical and optical properties of sahelian and saharan mineral dust: <i>in situ</i> measurements during the gerbils campaign |
| title_unstemmed | Physico‐chemical and optical properties of Sahelian and Saharan mineral dust: in situ measurements during the GERBILS campaign |
| topic | Atmospheric Science |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.889 |