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High‐quality eddy‐covariance CO2 budgets under cold climate conditions
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| Zeitschriftentitel: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences |
|---|---|
| Personen und Körperschaften: | , , , , , |
| In: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 122, 2017, 8, S. 2064-2084 |
| Format: | E-Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| veröffentlicht: |
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
|
| Schlagwörter: |
| author_facet |
Kittler, Fanny Eugster, Werner Foken, Thomas Heimann, Martin Kolle, Olaf Göckede, Mathias Kittler, Fanny Eugster, Werner Foken, Thomas Heimann, Martin Kolle, Olaf Göckede, Mathias |
|---|---|
| author |
Kittler, Fanny Eugster, Werner Foken, Thomas Heimann, Martin Kolle, Olaf Göckede, Mathias |
| spellingShingle |
Kittler, Fanny Eugster, Werner Foken, Thomas Heimann, Martin Kolle, Olaf Göckede, Mathias Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences High‐quality eddy‐covariance CO2 budgets under cold climate conditions Paleontology Atmospheric Science Soil Science Water Science and Technology Ecology Aquatic Science Forestry |
| author_sort |
kittler, fanny |
| spelling |
Kittler, Fanny Eugster, Werner Foken, Thomas Heimann, Martin Kolle, Olaf Göckede, Mathias 2169-8953 2169-8961 American Geophysical Union (AGU) Paleontology Atmospheric Science Soil Science Water Science and Technology Ecology Aquatic Science Forestry http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017jg003830 <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed at quantifying potential negative effects of instrument heating to improve eddy‐covariance flux data quality in cold environments. Our overarching objective was to minimize heating‐related bias in annual CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> budgets from an Arctic permafrost system. We used continuous eddy‐covariance measurements covering three full years within an Arctic permafrost ecosystem with parallel sonic anemometers operation with activated heating and without heating as well as parallel operation of open‐ and closed‐path gas analyzers, the latter serving as a reference. Our results demonstrate that the sonic anemometer heating has a direct effect on temperature measurements while the turbulent wind field is not affected. As a consequence, fluxes of sensible heat are increased by an average 5 W m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> with activated heating, while no direct effect on other scalar fluxes was observed. However, the biased measurements in sensible heat fluxes can have an indirect effect on the CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> fluxes in case they are used as input for a density‐flux WPL correction of an open‐path gas analyzer. Evaluating the self‐heating effect of the open‐path gas analyzer by comparing CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> flux measurements between open‐ and closed‐path gas analyzers, we found systematically higher CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> uptake recorded with the open‐path sensor, leading to a cumulative annual offset of 96 gC m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>, which was not only the result of the cold winter season but also due to substantial self‐heating effects during summer. With an inclined sensor mounting, only a fraction of the self‐heating correction for vertically mounted instruments is required.</jats:p> High‐quality eddy‐covariance CO<sub>2</sub> budgets under cold climate conditions Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences |
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10.1002/2017jg003830 |
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| title |
High‐quality eddy‐covariance CO2 budgets under cold climate conditions |
| title_unstemmed |
High‐quality eddy‐covariance CO2 budgets under cold climate conditions |
| title_full |
High‐quality eddy‐covariance CO2 budgets under cold climate conditions |
| title_fullStr |
High‐quality eddy‐covariance CO2 budgets under cold climate conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed |
High‐quality eddy‐covariance CO2 budgets under cold climate conditions |
| title_short |
High‐quality eddy‐covariance CO2 budgets under cold climate conditions |
| title_sort |
high‐quality eddy‐covariance co<sub>2</sub> budgets under cold climate conditions |
| topic |
Paleontology Atmospheric Science Soil Science Water Science and Technology Ecology Aquatic Science Forestry |
| url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017jg003830 |
| publishDate |
2017 |
| physical |
2064-2084 |
| description |
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed at quantifying potential negative effects of instrument heating to improve eddy‐covariance flux data quality in cold environments. Our overarching objective was to minimize heating‐related bias in annual CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> budgets from an Arctic permafrost system. We used continuous eddy‐covariance measurements covering three full years within an Arctic permafrost ecosystem with parallel sonic anemometers operation with activated heating and without heating as well as parallel operation of open‐ and closed‐path gas analyzers, the latter serving as a reference. Our results demonstrate that the sonic anemometer heating has a direct effect on temperature measurements while the turbulent wind field is not affected. As a consequence, fluxes of sensible heat are increased by an average 5 W m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> with activated heating, while no direct effect on other scalar fluxes was observed. However, the biased measurements in sensible heat fluxes can have an indirect effect on the CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> fluxes in case they are used as input for a density‐flux WPL correction of an open‐path gas analyzer. Evaluating the self‐heating effect of the open‐path gas analyzer by comparing CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> flux measurements between open‐ and closed‐path gas analyzers, we found systematically higher CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> uptake recorded with the open‐path sensor, leading to a cumulative annual offset of 96 gC m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>, which was not only the result of the cold winter season but also due to substantial self‐heating effects during summer. With an inclined sensor mounting, only a fraction of the self‐heating correction for vertically mounted instruments is required.</jats:p> |
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| author | Kittler, Fanny, Eugster, Werner, Foken, Thomas, Heimann, Martin, Kolle, Olaf, Göckede, Mathias |
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| description | <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed at quantifying potential negative effects of instrument heating to improve eddy‐covariance flux data quality in cold environments. Our overarching objective was to minimize heating‐related bias in annual CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> budgets from an Arctic permafrost system. We used continuous eddy‐covariance measurements covering three full years within an Arctic permafrost ecosystem with parallel sonic anemometers operation with activated heating and without heating as well as parallel operation of open‐ and closed‐path gas analyzers, the latter serving as a reference. Our results demonstrate that the sonic anemometer heating has a direct effect on temperature measurements while the turbulent wind field is not affected. As a consequence, fluxes of sensible heat are increased by an average 5 W m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> with activated heating, while no direct effect on other scalar fluxes was observed. However, the biased measurements in sensible heat fluxes can have an indirect effect on the CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> fluxes in case they are used as input for a density‐flux WPL correction of an open‐path gas analyzer. Evaluating the self‐heating effect of the open‐path gas analyzer by comparing CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> flux measurements between open‐ and closed‐path gas analyzers, we found systematically higher CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> uptake recorded with the open‐path sensor, leading to a cumulative annual offset of 96 gC m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>, which was not only the result of the cold winter season but also due to substantial self‐heating effects during summer. With an inclined sensor mounting, only a fraction of the self‐heating correction for vertically mounted instruments is required.</jats:p> |
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| institution | DE-D275, DE-Bn3, DE-Brt1, DE-D161, DE-Zwi2, DE-Gla1, DE-Zi4, DE-15, DE-Pl11, DE-Rs1, DE-105, DE-14, DE-Ch1, DE-L229 |
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| spelling | Kittler, Fanny Eugster, Werner Foken, Thomas Heimann, Martin Kolle, Olaf Göckede, Mathias 2169-8953 2169-8961 American Geophysical Union (AGU) Paleontology Atmospheric Science Soil Science Water Science and Technology Ecology Aquatic Science Forestry http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017jg003830 <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed at quantifying potential negative effects of instrument heating to improve eddy‐covariance flux data quality in cold environments. Our overarching objective was to minimize heating‐related bias in annual CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> budgets from an Arctic permafrost system. We used continuous eddy‐covariance measurements covering three full years within an Arctic permafrost ecosystem with parallel sonic anemometers operation with activated heating and without heating as well as parallel operation of open‐ and closed‐path gas analyzers, the latter serving as a reference. Our results demonstrate that the sonic anemometer heating has a direct effect on temperature measurements while the turbulent wind field is not affected. As a consequence, fluxes of sensible heat are increased by an average 5 W m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> with activated heating, while no direct effect on other scalar fluxes was observed. However, the biased measurements in sensible heat fluxes can have an indirect effect on the CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> fluxes in case they are used as input for a density‐flux WPL correction of an open‐path gas analyzer. Evaluating the self‐heating effect of the open‐path gas analyzer by comparing CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> flux measurements between open‐ and closed‐path gas analyzers, we found systematically higher CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> uptake recorded with the open‐path sensor, leading to a cumulative annual offset of 96 gC m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>, which was not only the result of the cold winter season but also due to substantial self‐heating effects during summer. With an inclined sensor mounting, only a fraction of the self‐heating correction for vertically mounted instruments is required.</jats:p> High‐quality eddy‐covariance CO<sub>2</sub> budgets under cold climate conditions Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences |
| spellingShingle | Kittler, Fanny, Eugster, Werner, Foken, Thomas, Heimann, Martin, Kolle, Olaf, Göckede, Mathias, Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, High‐quality eddy‐covariance CO2 budgets under cold climate conditions, Paleontology, Atmospheric Science, Soil Science, Water Science and Technology, Ecology, Aquatic Science, Forestry |
| title | High‐quality eddy‐covariance CO2 budgets under cold climate conditions |
| title_full | High‐quality eddy‐covariance CO2 budgets under cold climate conditions |
| title_fullStr | High‐quality eddy‐covariance CO2 budgets under cold climate conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | High‐quality eddy‐covariance CO2 budgets under cold climate conditions |
| title_short | High‐quality eddy‐covariance CO2 budgets under cold climate conditions |
| title_sort | high‐quality eddy‐covariance co<sub>2</sub> budgets under cold climate conditions |
| title_unstemmed | High‐quality eddy‐covariance CO2 budgets under cold climate conditions |
| topic | Paleontology, Atmospheric Science, Soil Science, Water Science and Technology, Ecology, Aquatic Science, Forestry |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017jg003830 |