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The “glycogen shunt” in exercising muscle: A role for glycogen in muscle energetics and fatigue
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| Zeitschriftentitel: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
|---|---|
| Personen und Körperschaften: | , |
| In: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98, 2001, 2, S. 457-461 |
| Format: | E-Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| veröffentlicht: |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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| Schlagwörter: |
| author_facet |
Shulman, R. G. Rothman, D. L. Shulman, R. G. Rothman, D. L. |
|---|---|
| author |
Shulman, R. G. Rothman, D. L. |
| spellingShingle |
Shulman, R. G. Rothman, D. L. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences The “glycogen shunt” in exercising muscle: A role for glycogen in muscle energetics and fatigue Multidisciplinary |
| author_sort |
shulman, r. g. |
| spelling |
Shulman, R. G. Rothman, D. L. 0027-8424 1091-6490 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Multidisciplinary http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.98.2.457 <jats:p> Stimulated by recent <jats:sup>13</jats:sup> C and <jats:sup>31</jats:sup> P NMR studies of exercising muscle, we propose a model of the energetics of contraction. Previous studies of energetics have followed energy consumption. However, the rapidity of contraction, in 10–40 msec, requires that energy be delivered rapidly, so that the muscle has power requirements of rapid energy expenditure that are ultimately met by the slower averaged consumption of carbon and oxygen from blood. We propose that energy is supplied in milliseconds by glycogenolysis and that between contractions, glycogenesis refills the pools. The energy for glycogenesis is supplied by oxidative phosphorylation. This mechanism utilizes the rapid conversion of glycogen phosphorylase, the “fight-or-flight” enzyme, to its active form. Lactate is necessarily generated by this pathway to serve as a time buffer between fast and slow energy needs, which resolves the paradoxical generation of lactate in well oxygenated tissue. Consequences of the glycogen shunt are compatible with numerous biochemical and physiological experiments. The model provides a possible mechanism for muscle fatigue, suggesting that at low but nonzero glycogen concentrations, there is not enough glycogen to supply millisecond energy needs. </jats:p> The “glycogen shunt” in exercising muscle: A role for glycogen in muscle energetics and fatigue Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
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| title |
The “glycogen shunt” in exercising muscle: A role for glycogen in muscle energetics and fatigue |
| title_unstemmed |
The “glycogen shunt” in exercising muscle: A role for glycogen in muscle energetics and fatigue |
| title_full |
The “glycogen shunt” in exercising muscle: A role for glycogen in muscle energetics and fatigue |
| title_fullStr |
The “glycogen shunt” in exercising muscle: A role for glycogen in muscle energetics and fatigue |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The “glycogen shunt” in exercising muscle: A role for glycogen in muscle energetics and fatigue |
| title_short |
The “glycogen shunt” in exercising muscle: A role for glycogen in muscle energetics and fatigue |
| title_sort |
the “glycogen shunt” in exercising muscle: a role for glycogen in muscle energetics and fatigue |
| topic |
Multidisciplinary |
| url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.98.2.457 |
| publishDate |
2001 |
| physical |
457-461 |
| description |
<jats:p>
Stimulated by recent
<jats:sup>13</jats:sup>
C and
<jats:sup>31</jats:sup>
P NMR
studies of exercising muscle, we propose a model of the energetics of
contraction. Previous studies of energetics have followed energy
consumption. However, the rapidity of contraction, in 10–40 msec,
requires that energy be delivered rapidly, so that the muscle has power
requirements of rapid energy expenditure that are ultimately met by the
slower averaged consumption of carbon and oxygen from blood. We propose
that energy is supplied in milliseconds by glycogenolysis and that
between contractions, glycogenesis refills the pools. The energy for
glycogenesis is supplied by oxidative phosphorylation. This mechanism
utilizes the rapid conversion of glycogen phosphorylase, the
“fight-or-flight” enzyme, to its active form. Lactate is
necessarily generated by this pathway to serve as a time buffer between
fast and slow energy needs, which resolves the paradoxical generation
of lactate in well oxygenated tissue. Consequences of the glycogen
shunt are compatible with numerous biochemical and physiological
experiments. The model provides a possible mechanism for muscle
fatigue, suggesting that at low but nonzero glycogen concentrations,
there is not enough glycogen to supply millisecond energy needs.
</jats:p> |
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| description | <jats:p> Stimulated by recent <jats:sup>13</jats:sup> C and <jats:sup>31</jats:sup> P NMR studies of exercising muscle, we propose a model of the energetics of contraction. Previous studies of energetics have followed energy consumption. However, the rapidity of contraction, in 10–40 msec, requires that energy be delivered rapidly, so that the muscle has power requirements of rapid energy expenditure that are ultimately met by the slower averaged consumption of carbon and oxygen from blood. We propose that energy is supplied in milliseconds by glycogenolysis and that between contractions, glycogenesis refills the pools. The energy for glycogenesis is supplied by oxidative phosphorylation. This mechanism utilizes the rapid conversion of glycogen phosphorylase, the “fight-or-flight” enzyme, to its active form. Lactate is necessarily generated by this pathway to serve as a time buffer between fast and slow energy needs, which resolves the paradoxical generation of lactate in well oxygenated tissue. Consequences of the glycogen shunt are compatible with numerous biochemical and physiological experiments. The model provides a possible mechanism for muscle fatigue, suggesting that at low but nonzero glycogen concentrations, there is not enough glycogen to supply millisecond energy needs. </jats:p> |
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| spelling | Shulman, R. G. Rothman, D. L. 0027-8424 1091-6490 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Multidisciplinary http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.98.2.457 <jats:p> Stimulated by recent <jats:sup>13</jats:sup> C and <jats:sup>31</jats:sup> P NMR studies of exercising muscle, we propose a model of the energetics of contraction. Previous studies of energetics have followed energy consumption. However, the rapidity of contraction, in 10–40 msec, requires that energy be delivered rapidly, so that the muscle has power requirements of rapid energy expenditure that are ultimately met by the slower averaged consumption of carbon and oxygen from blood. We propose that energy is supplied in milliseconds by glycogenolysis and that between contractions, glycogenesis refills the pools. The energy for glycogenesis is supplied by oxidative phosphorylation. This mechanism utilizes the rapid conversion of glycogen phosphorylase, the “fight-or-flight” enzyme, to its active form. Lactate is necessarily generated by this pathway to serve as a time buffer between fast and slow energy needs, which resolves the paradoxical generation of lactate in well oxygenated tissue. Consequences of the glycogen shunt are compatible with numerous biochemical and physiological experiments. The model provides a possible mechanism for muscle fatigue, suggesting that at low but nonzero glycogen concentrations, there is not enough glycogen to supply millisecond energy needs. </jats:p> The “glycogen shunt” in exercising muscle: A role for glycogen in muscle energetics and fatigue Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
| spellingShingle | Shulman, R. G., Rothman, D. L., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, The “glycogen shunt” in exercising muscle: A role for glycogen in muscle energetics and fatigue, Multidisciplinary |
| title | The “glycogen shunt” in exercising muscle: A role for glycogen in muscle energetics and fatigue |
| title_full | The “glycogen shunt” in exercising muscle: A role for glycogen in muscle energetics and fatigue |
| title_fullStr | The “glycogen shunt” in exercising muscle: A role for glycogen in muscle energetics and fatigue |
| title_full_unstemmed | The “glycogen shunt” in exercising muscle: A role for glycogen in muscle energetics and fatigue |
| title_short | The “glycogen shunt” in exercising muscle: A role for glycogen in muscle energetics and fatigue |
| title_sort | the “glycogen shunt” in exercising muscle: a role for glycogen in muscle energetics and fatigue |
| title_unstemmed | The “glycogen shunt” in exercising muscle: A role for glycogen in muscle energetics and fatigue |
| topic | Multidisciplinary |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.98.2.457 |