author_facet Bauer, Martina
Goldstein, Michael
Christmann, Markus
Becker, Huong
Heylmann, Daniel
Kaina, Bernd
Bauer, Martina
Goldstein, Michael
Christmann, Markus
Becker, Huong
Heylmann, Daniel
Kaina, Bernd
author Bauer, Martina
Goldstein, Michael
Christmann, Markus
Becker, Huong
Heylmann, Daniel
Kaina, Bernd
spellingShingle Bauer, Martina
Goldstein, Michael
Christmann, Markus
Becker, Huong
Heylmann, Daniel
Kaina, Bernd
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Human monocytes are severely impaired in base and DNA double-strand break repair that renders them vulnerable to oxidative stress
Multidisciplinary
author_sort bauer, martina
spelling Bauer, Martina Goldstein, Michael Christmann, Markus Becker, Huong Heylmann, Daniel Kaina, Bernd 0027-8424 1091-6490 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Multidisciplinary http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1111919109 <jats:p> Monocytes are key players in the immune system. Crossing the blood barrier, they infiltrate tissues and differentiate into ( <jats:italic>i</jats:italic> ) macrophages that fight off pathogens and ( <jats:italic>ii</jats:italic> ) dendritic cells (DCs) that activate the immune response. A hallmark of monocyte/macrophage activation is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a defense against invading microorganisms. How monocytes, macrophages, and DCs in particular respond to ROS is largely unknown. Here we studied the sensitivity of primary human monocytes isolated from peripheral blood and compared them with macrophages and DCs derived from them by cytokine maturation following DNA damage induced by ROS. We show that monocytes are hypersensitive to ROS, undergoing excessive apoptosis. These cells exhibited a high yield of ROS-induced DNA single- and double-strand breaks and activation of the ATR-Chk1-ATM-Chk2-p53 pathway that led to Fas and caspase-8, -3, and -7 activation, whereas macrophages and DCs derived from them were protected. Monocytes are also hypersensitive to ionizing radiation and oxidized low-density lipoprotein. The remarkable sensitivity of monocytes to oxidative stress is caused by a lack of expression of the DNA repair proteins XRCC1, ligase IIIα, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, and catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK <jats:sub>cs</jats:sub> ), causing a severe DNA repair defect that impacts base excision repair and double-strand break repair by nonhomologous end-joining. During maturation of monocytes into macrophages and DCs triggered by the cytokines GM-CSF and IL-4, these proteins become up-regulated, making macrophages and DCs repair-competent and ROS-resistant. We propose that impaired DNA repair in monocytes plays a role in the regulation of the monocyte/macrophage/DC system following ROS exposure. </jats:p> Human monocytes are severely impaired in base and DNA double-strand break repair that renders them vulnerable to oxidative stress Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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title Human monocytes are severely impaired in base and DNA double-strand break repair that renders them vulnerable to oxidative stress
title_unstemmed Human monocytes are severely impaired in base and DNA double-strand break repair that renders them vulnerable to oxidative stress
title_full Human monocytes are severely impaired in base and DNA double-strand break repair that renders them vulnerable to oxidative stress
title_fullStr Human monocytes are severely impaired in base and DNA double-strand break repair that renders them vulnerable to oxidative stress
title_full_unstemmed Human monocytes are severely impaired in base and DNA double-strand break repair that renders them vulnerable to oxidative stress
title_short Human monocytes are severely impaired in base and DNA double-strand break repair that renders them vulnerable to oxidative stress
title_sort human monocytes are severely impaired in base and dna double-strand break repair that renders them vulnerable to oxidative stress
topic Multidisciplinary
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1111919109
publishDate 2011
physical 21105-21110
description <jats:p> Monocytes are key players in the immune system. Crossing the blood barrier, they infiltrate tissues and differentiate into ( <jats:italic>i</jats:italic> ) macrophages that fight off pathogens and ( <jats:italic>ii</jats:italic> ) dendritic cells (DCs) that activate the immune response. A hallmark of monocyte/macrophage activation is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a defense against invading microorganisms. How monocytes, macrophages, and DCs in particular respond to ROS is largely unknown. Here we studied the sensitivity of primary human monocytes isolated from peripheral blood and compared them with macrophages and DCs derived from them by cytokine maturation following DNA damage induced by ROS. We show that monocytes are hypersensitive to ROS, undergoing excessive apoptosis. These cells exhibited a high yield of ROS-induced DNA single- and double-strand breaks and activation of the ATR-Chk1-ATM-Chk2-p53 pathway that led to Fas and caspase-8, -3, and -7 activation, whereas macrophages and DCs derived from them were protected. Monocytes are also hypersensitive to ionizing radiation and oxidized low-density lipoprotein. The remarkable sensitivity of monocytes to oxidative stress is caused by a lack of expression of the DNA repair proteins XRCC1, ligase IIIα, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, and catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK <jats:sub>cs</jats:sub> ), causing a severe DNA repair defect that impacts base excision repair and double-strand break repair by nonhomologous end-joining. During maturation of monocytes into macrophages and DCs triggered by the cytokines GM-CSF and IL-4, these proteins become up-regulated, making macrophages and DCs repair-competent and ROS-resistant. We propose that impaired DNA repair in monocytes plays a role in the regulation of the monocyte/macrophage/DC system following ROS exposure. </jats:p>
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author Bauer, Martina, Goldstein, Michael, Christmann, Markus, Becker, Huong, Heylmann, Daniel, Kaina, Bernd
author_facet Bauer, Martina, Goldstein, Michael, Christmann, Markus, Becker, Huong, Heylmann, Daniel, Kaina, Bernd, Bauer, Martina, Goldstein, Michael, Christmann, Markus, Becker, Huong, Heylmann, Daniel, Kaina, Bernd
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description <jats:p> Monocytes are key players in the immune system. Crossing the blood barrier, they infiltrate tissues and differentiate into ( <jats:italic>i</jats:italic> ) macrophages that fight off pathogens and ( <jats:italic>ii</jats:italic> ) dendritic cells (DCs) that activate the immune response. A hallmark of monocyte/macrophage activation is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a defense against invading microorganisms. How monocytes, macrophages, and DCs in particular respond to ROS is largely unknown. Here we studied the sensitivity of primary human monocytes isolated from peripheral blood and compared them with macrophages and DCs derived from them by cytokine maturation following DNA damage induced by ROS. We show that monocytes are hypersensitive to ROS, undergoing excessive apoptosis. These cells exhibited a high yield of ROS-induced DNA single- and double-strand breaks and activation of the ATR-Chk1-ATM-Chk2-p53 pathway that led to Fas and caspase-8, -3, and -7 activation, whereas macrophages and DCs derived from them were protected. Monocytes are also hypersensitive to ionizing radiation and oxidized low-density lipoprotein. The remarkable sensitivity of monocytes to oxidative stress is caused by a lack of expression of the DNA repair proteins XRCC1, ligase IIIα, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, and catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK <jats:sub>cs</jats:sub> ), causing a severe DNA repair defect that impacts base excision repair and double-strand break repair by nonhomologous end-joining. During maturation of monocytes into macrophages and DCs triggered by the cytokines GM-CSF and IL-4, these proteins become up-regulated, making macrophages and DCs repair-competent and ROS-resistant. We propose that impaired DNA repair in monocytes plays a role in the regulation of the monocyte/macrophage/DC system following ROS exposure. </jats:p>
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spelling Bauer, Martina Goldstein, Michael Christmann, Markus Becker, Huong Heylmann, Daniel Kaina, Bernd 0027-8424 1091-6490 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Multidisciplinary http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1111919109 <jats:p> Monocytes are key players in the immune system. Crossing the blood barrier, they infiltrate tissues and differentiate into ( <jats:italic>i</jats:italic> ) macrophages that fight off pathogens and ( <jats:italic>ii</jats:italic> ) dendritic cells (DCs) that activate the immune response. A hallmark of monocyte/macrophage activation is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a defense against invading microorganisms. How monocytes, macrophages, and DCs in particular respond to ROS is largely unknown. Here we studied the sensitivity of primary human monocytes isolated from peripheral blood and compared them with macrophages and DCs derived from them by cytokine maturation following DNA damage induced by ROS. We show that monocytes are hypersensitive to ROS, undergoing excessive apoptosis. These cells exhibited a high yield of ROS-induced DNA single- and double-strand breaks and activation of the ATR-Chk1-ATM-Chk2-p53 pathway that led to Fas and caspase-8, -3, and -7 activation, whereas macrophages and DCs derived from them were protected. Monocytes are also hypersensitive to ionizing radiation and oxidized low-density lipoprotein. The remarkable sensitivity of monocytes to oxidative stress is caused by a lack of expression of the DNA repair proteins XRCC1, ligase IIIα, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, and catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK <jats:sub>cs</jats:sub> ), causing a severe DNA repair defect that impacts base excision repair and double-strand break repair by nonhomologous end-joining. During maturation of monocytes into macrophages and DCs triggered by the cytokines GM-CSF and IL-4, these proteins become up-regulated, making macrophages and DCs repair-competent and ROS-resistant. We propose that impaired DNA repair in monocytes plays a role in the regulation of the monocyte/macrophage/DC system following ROS exposure. </jats:p> Human monocytes are severely impaired in base and DNA double-strand break repair that renders them vulnerable to oxidative stress Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
spellingShingle Bauer, Martina, Goldstein, Michael, Christmann, Markus, Becker, Huong, Heylmann, Daniel, Kaina, Bernd, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Human monocytes are severely impaired in base and DNA double-strand break repair that renders them vulnerable to oxidative stress, Multidisciplinary
title Human monocytes are severely impaired in base and DNA double-strand break repair that renders them vulnerable to oxidative stress
title_full Human monocytes are severely impaired in base and DNA double-strand break repair that renders them vulnerable to oxidative stress
title_fullStr Human monocytes are severely impaired in base and DNA double-strand break repair that renders them vulnerable to oxidative stress
title_full_unstemmed Human monocytes are severely impaired in base and DNA double-strand break repair that renders them vulnerable to oxidative stress
title_short Human monocytes are severely impaired in base and DNA double-strand break repair that renders them vulnerable to oxidative stress
title_sort human monocytes are severely impaired in base and dna double-strand break repair that renders them vulnerable to oxidative stress
title_unstemmed Human monocytes are severely impaired in base and DNA double-strand break repair that renders them vulnerable to oxidative stress
topic Multidisciplinary
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1111919109