author_facet Pan, Ying-Xian
Xu, Jin
Xu, Mingming
Rossi, Grace C.
Matulonis, Joshua E.
Pasternak, Gavril W.
Pan, Ying-Xian
Xu, Jin
Xu, Mingming
Rossi, Grace C.
Matulonis, Joshua E.
Pasternak, Gavril W.
author Pan, Ying-Xian
Xu, Jin
Xu, Mingming
Rossi, Grace C.
Matulonis, Joshua E.
Pasternak, Gavril W.
spellingShingle Pan, Ying-Xian
Xu, Jin
Xu, Mingming
Rossi, Grace C.
Matulonis, Joshua E.
Pasternak, Gavril W.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Involvement of exon 11-associated variants of the mu opioid receptor MOR-1 in heroin, but not morphine, actions
Multidisciplinary
author_sort pan, ying-xian
spelling Pan, Ying-Xian Xu, Jin Xu, Mingming Rossi, Grace C. Matulonis, Joshua E. Pasternak, Gavril W. 0027-8424 1091-6490 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Multidisciplinary http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0811586106 <jats:p>Heroin remains a major drug of abuse and is preferred by addicts over morphine. Like morphine, heroin has high affinity and selectivity for μ-receptors, but its residual analgesia in exon 1 MOR-1 knockout mice that do not respond to morphine suggests a different mechanism of action. MOR-1 splice variants lacking exon 1 have been observed in mice, humans, and rats, raising the possibility that they might be responsible for the residual heroin and morphine-6β-glucuronide (M6G) analgesia in the exon 1 knockout mice. To test this possibility, we disrupted exon 11 of MOR-1, which eliminates all of the variants that do not contain exon 1. Morphine and methadone analgesia in the exon 11 knockout mouse was normal, but the analgesic actions of heroin, M6G, and fentanyl were markedly diminished in the radiant heat tail-flick and hot-plate assays. Similarly, the ability of M6G to inhibit gastrointestinal transit was greatly diminished in these exon 11 knockout mice, whereas the ability of morphine was unchanged. These findings identify receptors selectively involved with heroin and M6G actions and confirm the relevance of the exon 11-associated variants and raise important issues regarding the importance of atypical truncated G-protein-coupled receptors.</jats:p> Involvement of exon 11-associated variants of the mu opioid receptor MOR-1 in heroin, but not morphine, actions Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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title Involvement of exon 11-associated variants of the mu opioid receptor MOR-1 in heroin, but not morphine, actions
title_unstemmed Involvement of exon 11-associated variants of the mu opioid receptor MOR-1 in heroin, but not morphine, actions
title_full Involvement of exon 11-associated variants of the mu opioid receptor MOR-1 in heroin, but not morphine, actions
title_fullStr Involvement of exon 11-associated variants of the mu opioid receptor MOR-1 in heroin, but not morphine, actions
title_full_unstemmed Involvement of exon 11-associated variants of the mu opioid receptor MOR-1 in heroin, but not morphine, actions
title_short Involvement of exon 11-associated variants of the mu opioid receptor MOR-1 in heroin, but not morphine, actions
title_sort involvement of exon 11-associated variants of the mu opioid receptor mor-1 in heroin, but not morphine, actions
topic Multidisciplinary
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0811586106
publishDate 2009
physical 4917-4922
description <jats:p>Heroin remains a major drug of abuse and is preferred by addicts over morphine. Like morphine, heroin has high affinity and selectivity for μ-receptors, but its residual analgesia in exon 1 MOR-1 knockout mice that do not respond to morphine suggests a different mechanism of action. MOR-1 splice variants lacking exon 1 have been observed in mice, humans, and rats, raising the possibility that they might be responsible for the residual heroin and morphine-6β-glucuronide (M6G) analgesia in the exon 1 knockout mice. To test this possibility, we disrupted exon 11 of MOR-1, which eliminates all of the variants that do not contain exon 1. Morphine and methadone analgesia in the exon 11 knockout mouse was normal, but the analgesic actions of heroin, M6G, and fentanyl were markedly diminished in the radiant heat tail-flick and hot-plate assays. Similarly, the ability of M6G to inhibit gastrointestinal transit was greatly diminished in these exon 11 knockout mice, whereas the ability of morphine was unchanged. These findings identify receptors selectively involved with heroin and M6G actions and confirm the relevance of the exon 11-associated variants and raise important issues regarding the importance of atypical truncated G-protein-coupled receptors.</jats:p>
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author Pan, Ying-Xian, Xu, Jin, Xu, Mingming, Rossi, Grace C., Matulonis, Joshua E., Pasternak, Gavril W.
author_facet Pan, Ying-Xian, Xu, Jin, Xu, Mingming, Rossi, Grace C., Matulonis, Joshua E., Pasternak, Gavril W., Pan, Ying-Xian, Xu, Jin, Xu, Mingming, Rossi, Grace C., Matulonis, Joshua E., Pasternak, Gavril W.
author_sort pan, ying-xian
container_issue 12
container_start_page 4917
container_title Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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description <jats:p>Heroin remains a major drug of abuse and is preferred by addicts over morphine. Like morphine, heroin has high affinity and selectivity for μ-receptors, but its residual analgesia in exon 1 MOR-1 knockout mice that do not respond to morphine suggests a different mechanism of action. MOR-1 splice variants lacking exon 1 have been observed in mice, humans, and rats, raising the possibility that they might be responsible for the residual heroin and morphine-6β-glucuronide (M6G) analgesia in the exon 1 knockout mice. To test this possibility, we disrupted exon 11 of MOR-1, which eliminates all of the variants that do not contain exon 1. Morphine and methadone analgesia in the exon 11 knockout mouse was normal, but the analgesic actions of heroin, M6G, and fentanyl were markedly diminished in the radiant heat tail-flick and hot-plate assays. Similarly, the ability of M6G to inhibit gastrointestinal transit was greatly diminished in these exon 11 knockout mice, whereas the ability of morphine was unchanged. These findings identify receptors selectively involved with heroin and M6G actions and confirm the relevance of the exon 11-associated variants and raise important issues regarding the importance of atypical truncated G-protein-coupled receptors.</jats:p>
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spelling Pan, Ying-Xian Xu, Jin Xu, Mingming Rossi, Grace C. Matulonis, Joshua E. Pasternak, Gavril W. 0027-8424 1091-6490 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Multidisciplinary http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0811586106 <jats:p>Heroin remains a major drug of abuse and is preferred by addicts over morphine. Like morphine, heroin has high affinity and selectivity for μ-receptors, but its residual analgesia in exon 1 MOR-1 knockout mice that do not respond to morphine suggests a different mechanism of action. MOR-1 splice variants lacking exon 1 have been observed in mice, humans, and rats, raising the possibility that they might be responsible for the residual heroin and morphine-6β-glucuronide (M6G) analgesia in the exon 1 knockout mice. To test this possibility, we disrupted exon 11 of MOR-1, which eliminates all of the variants that do not contain exon 1. Morphine and methadone analgesia in the exon 11 knockout mouse was normal, but the analgesic actions of heroin, M6G, and fentanyl were markedly diminished in the radiant heat tail-flick and hot-plate assays. Similarly, the ability of M6G to inhibit gastrointestinal transit was greatly diminished in these exon 11 knockout mice, whereas the ability of morphine was unchanged. These findings identify receptors selectively involved with heroin and M6G actions and confirm the relevance of the exon 11-associated variants and raise important issues regarding the importance of atypical truncated G-protein-coupled receptors.</jats:p> Involvement of exon 11-associated variants of the mu opioid receptor MOR-1 in heroin, but not morphine, actions Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
spellingShingle Pan, Ying-Xian, Xu, Jin, Xu, Mingming, Rossi, Grace C., Matulonis, Joshua E., Pasternak, Gavril W., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Involvement of exon 11-associated variants of the mu opioid receptor MOR-1 in heroin, but not morphine, actions, Multidisciplinary
title Involvement of exon 11-associated variants of the mu opioid receptor MOR-1 in heroin, but not morphine, actions
title_full Involvement of exon 11-associated variants of the mu opioid receptor MOR-1 in heroin, but not morphine, actions
title_fullStr Involvement of exon 11-associated variants of the mu opioid receptor MOR-1 in heroin, but not morphine, actions
title_full_unstemmed Involvement of exon 11-associated variants of the mu opioid receptor MOR-1 in heroin, but not morphine, actions
title_short Involvement of exon 11-associated variants of the mu opioid receptor MOR-1 in heroin, but not morphine, actions
title_sort involvement of exon 11-associated variants of the mu opioid receptor mor-1 in heroin, but not morphine, actions
title_unstemmed Involvement of exon 11-associated variants of the mu opioid receptor MOR-1 in heroin, but not morphine, actions
topic Multidisciplinary
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0811586106