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The SPA1‐like proteins SPA3 and SPA4 repress photomorphogenesis in the light
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Zeitschriftentitel: | The Plant Journal |
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Personen und Körperschaften: | , |
In: | The Plant Journal, 35, 2003, 3, S. 373-385 |
Format: | E-Article |
Sprache: | Englisch |
veröffentlicht: |
Wiley
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Schlagwörter: |
author_facet |
Laubinger, Sascha Hoecker, Ute Laubinger, Sascha Hoecker, Ute |
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author |
Laubinger, Sascha Hoecker, Ute |
spellingShingle |
Laubinger, Sascha Hoecker, Ute The Plant Journal The SPA1‐like proteins SPA3 and SPA4 repress photomorphogenesis in the light Cell Biology Plant Science Genetics |
author_sort |
laubinger, sascha |
spelling |
Laubinger, Sascha Hoecker, Ute 0960-7412 1365-313X Wiley Cell Biology Plant Science Genetics http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01813.x <jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p> <jats:styled-content>S</jats:styled-content>uppressor of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content>p</jats:styled-content>hy<jats:styled-content>A</jats:styled-content>‐105</jats:italic> (SPA1) is a phytochrome A‐specific signaling intermediate that acts as a light‐dependent repressor of photomorphogenesis in <jats:italic>Arabidopsis</jats:italic> seedlings. <jats:italic>SPA1</jats:italic> is part of a small gene family comprising three genes: <jats:italic><jats:styled-content>SPA</jats:styled-content>1‐related <jats:styled-content>2</jats:styled-content></jats:italic> (<jats:italic>SPA2</jats:italic>), <jats:italic><jats:styled-content>SPA</jats:styled-content>1‐related <jats:styled-content>3</jats:styled-content></jats:italic> (<jats:italic>SPA3</jats:italic>), and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content>SPA</jats:styled-content>1‐related <jats:styled-content>4</jats:styled-content></jats:italic> (<jats:italic>SPA4</jats:italic>). Here, we investigate the functions of <jats:italic>SPA3</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>SPA4</jats:italic>, two very closely related genes coding for proteins with 74% identical amino acids. Seedlings with mutations in <jats:italic>SPA3</jats:italic> or <jats:italic>SPA4</jats:italic> exhibit enhanced photomorphogenesis in the light, but show no phenotype in darkness. While there are small differences between the effects of <jats:italic>spa3</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>spa4</jats:italic> mutations, it is apparent that <jats:italic>SPA3</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>SPA4</jats:italic> function to inhibit light responses in continuous far‐red, red, and blue light. Phytochrome A is necessary for all aspects of the <jats:italic>spa4</jats:italic> mutant phenotype, suggesting that <jats:italic>SPA4</jats:italic>, like <jats:italic>SPA1</jats:italic>, acts specifically in phytochrome A signaling. Enhanced photoresponsiveness of <jats:italic>spa3</jats:italic> mutants is also fully dependent on phytochrome A in far‐red and blue light, but not in red light. Hence, <jats:italic>SPA3</jats:italic> function in red light may be dependent on other phytochromes in addition to phytochrome A. Using yeast two‐hybrid and <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> interaction assays, we further show that SPA3 as well as SPA4 can physically interact with the constitutive repressor of light signaling COP1. Deletion analyses suggest that SPA3 and SPA4, like SPA1, bind to the coiled‐coil domain of COP1. Taken together, our results have identified two new loci coding for negative regulators that may be involved in fine tuning of light responses by interacting with COP1.</jats:p> The SPA1‐like proteins SPA3 and SPA4 repress photomorphogenesis in the light The Plant Journal |
doi_str_mv |
10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01813.x |
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Online Free |
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Biologie |
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ElectronicArticle |
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DE-D275 DE-Bn3 DE-Brt1 DE-Zwi2 DE-D161 DE-Gla1 DE-Zi4 DE-15 DE-Pl11 DE-Rs1 DE-105 DE-14 DE-Ch1 DE-L229 |
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Wiley, 2003 |
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2003 |
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Wiley |
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ai |
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ai |
series |
The Plant Journal |
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49 |
title |
The SPA1‐like proteins SPA3 and SPA4 repress photomorphogenesis in the light |
title_unstemmed |
The SPA1‐like proteins SPA3 and SPA4 repress photomorphogenesis in the light |
title_full |
The SPA1‐like proteins SPA3 and SPA4 repress photomorphogenesis in the light |
title_fullStr |
The SPA1‐like proteins SPA3 and SPA4 repress photomorphogenesis in the light |
title_full_unstemmed |
The SPA1‐like proteins SPA3 and SPA4 repress photomorphogenesis in the light |
title_short |
The SPA1‐like proteins SPA3 and SPA4 repress photomorphogenesis in the light |
title_sort |
the spa1‐like proteins spa3 and spa4 repress photomorphogenesis in the light |
topic |
Cell Biology Plant Science Genetics |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01813.x |
publishDate |
2003 |
physical |
373-385 |
description |
<jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p> <jats:styled-content>S</jats:styled-content>uppressor of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content>p</jats:styled-content>hy<jats:styled-content>A</jats:styled-content>‐105</jats:italic> (SPA1) is a phytochrome A‐specific signaling intermediate that acts as a light‐dependent repressor of photomorphogenesis in <jats:italic>Arabidopsis</jats:italic> seedlings. <jats:italic>SPA1</jats:italic> is part of a small gene family comprising three genes: <jats:italic><jats:styled-content>SPA</jats:styled-content>1‐related <jats:styled-content>2</jats:styled-content></jats:italic> (<jats:italic>SPA2</jats:italic>), <jats:italic><jats:styled-content>SPA</jats:styled-content>1‐related <jats:styled-content>3</jats:styled-content></jats:italic> (<jats:italic>SPA3</jats:italic>), and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content>SPA</jats:styled-content>1‐related <jats:styled-content>4</jats:styled-content></jats:italic> (<jats:italic>SPA4</jats:italic>). Here, we investigate the functions of <jats:italic>SPA3</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>SPA4</jats:italic>, two very closely related genes coding for proteins with 74% identical amino acids. Seedlings with mutations in <jats:italic>SPA3</jats:italic> or <jats:italic>SPA4</jats:italic> exhibit enhanced photomorphogenesis in the light, but show no phenotype in darkness. While there are small differences between the effects of <jats:italic>spa3</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>spa4</jats:italic> mutations, it is apparent that <jats:italic>SPA3</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>SPA4</jats:italic> function to inhibit light responses in continuous far‐red, red, and blue light. Phytochrome A is necessary for all aspects of the <jats:italic>spa4</jats:italic> mutant phenotype, suggesting that <jats:italic>SPA4</jats:italic>, like <jats:italic>SPA1</jats:italic>, acts specifically in phytochrome A signaling. Enhanced photoresponsiveness of <jats:italic>spa3</jats:italic> mutants is also fully dependent on phytochrome A in far‐red and blue light, but not in red light. Hence, <jats:italic>SPA3</jats:italic> function in red light may be dependent on other phytochromes in addition to phytochrome A. Using yeast two‐hybrid and <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> interaction assays, we further show that SPA3 as well as SPA4 can physically interact with the constitutive repressor of light signaling COP1. Deletion analyses suggest that SPA3 and SPA4, like SPA1, bind to the coiled‐coil domain of COP1. Taken together, our results have identified two new loci coding for negative regulators that may be involved in fine tuning of light responses by interacting with COP1.</jats:p> |
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author | Laubinger, Sascha, Hoecker, Ute |
author_facet | Laubinger, Sascha, Hoecker, Ute, Laubinger, Sascha, Hoecker, Ute |
author_sort | laubinger, sascha |
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description | <jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p> <jats:styled-content>S</jats:styled-content>uppressor of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content>p</jats:styled-content>hy<jats:styled-content>A</jats:styled-content>‐105</jats:italic> (SPA1) is a phytochrome A‐specific signaling intermediate that acts as a light‐dependent repressor of photomorphogenesis in <jats:italic>Arabidopsis</jats:italic> seedlings. <jats:italic>SPA1</jats:italic> is part of a small gene family comprising three genes: <jats:italic><jats:styled-content>SPA</jats:styled-content>1‐related <jats:styled-content>2</jats:styled-content></jats:italic> (<jats:italic>SPA2</jats:italic>), <jats:italic><jats:styled-content>SPA</jats:styled-content>1‐related <jats:styled-content>3</jats:styled-content></jats:italic> (<jats:italic>SPA3</jats:italic>), and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content>SPA</jats:styled-content>1‐related <jats:styled-content>4</jats:styled-content></jats:italic> (<jats:italic>SPA4</jats:italic>). Here, we investigate the functions of <jats:italic>SPA3</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>SPA4</jats:italic>, two very closely related genes coding for proteins with 74% identical amino acids. Seedlings with mutations in <jats:italic>SPA3</jats:italic> or <jats:italic>SPA4</jats:italic> exhibit enhanced photomorphogenesis in the light, but show no phenotype in darkness. While there are small differences between the effects of <jats:italic>spa3</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>spa4</jats:italic> mutations, it is apparent that <jats:italic>SPA3</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>SPA4</jats:italic> function to inhibit light responses in continuous far‐red, red, and blue light. Phytochrome A is necessary for all aspects of the <jats:italic>spa4</jats:italic> mutant phenotype, suggesting that <jats:italic>SPA4</jats:italic>, like <jats:italic>SPA1</jats:italic>, acts specifically in phytochrome A signaling. Enhanced photoresponsiveness of <jats:italic>spa3</jats:italic> mutants is also fully dependent on phytochrome A in far‐red and blue light, but not in red light. Hence, <jats:italic>SPA3</jats:italic> function in red light may be dependent on other phytochromes in addition to phytochrome A. Using yeast two‐hybrid and <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> interaction assays, we further show that SPA3 as well as SPA4 can physically interact with the constitutive repressor of light signaling COP1. Deletion analyses suggest that SPA3 and SPA4, like SPA1, bind to the coiled‐coil domain of COP1. Taken together, our results have identified two new loci coding for negative regulators that may be involved in fine tuning of light responses by interacting with COP1.</jats:p> |
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spelling | Laubinger, Sascha Hoecker, Ute 0960-7412 1365-313X Wiley Cell Biology Plant Science Genetics http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01813.x <jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p> <jats:styled-content>S</jats:styled-content>uppressor of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content>p</jats:styled-content>hy<jats:styled-content>A</jats:styled-content>‐105</jats:italic> (SPA1) is a phytochrome A‐specific signaling intermediate that acts as a light‐dependent repressor of photomorphogenesis in <jats:italic>Arabidopsis</jats:italic> seedlings. <jats:italic>SPA1</jats:italic> is part of a small gene family comprising three genes: <jats:italic><jats:styled-content>SPA</jats:styled-content>1‐related <jats:styled-content>2</jats:styled-content></jats:italic> (<jats:italic>SPA2</jats:italic>), <jats:italic><jats:styled-content>SPA</jats:styled-content>1‐related <jats:styled-content>3</jats:styled-content></jats:italic> (<jats:italic>SPA3</jats:italic>), and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content>SPA</jats:styled-content>1‐related <jats:styled-content>4</jats:styled-content></jats:italic> (<jats:italic>SPA4</jats:italic>). Here, we investigate the functions of <jats:italic>SPA3</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>SPA4</jats:italic>, two very closely related genes coding for proteins with 74% identical amino acids. Seedlings with mutations in <jats:italic>SPA3</jats:italic> or <jats:italic>SPA4</jats:italic> exhibit enhanced photomorphogenesis in the light, but show no phenotype in darkness. While there are small differences between the effects of <jats:italic>spa3</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>spa4</jats:italic> mutations, it is apparent that <jats:italic>SPA3</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>SPA4</jats:italic> function to inhibit light responses in continuous far‐red, red, and blue light. Phytochrome A is necessary for all aspects of the <jats:italic>spa4</jats:italic> mutant phenotype, suggesting that <jats:italic>SPA4</jats:italic>, like <jats:italic>SPA1</jats:italic>, acts specifically in phytochrome A signaling. Enhanced photoresponsiveness of <jats:italic>spa3</jats:italic> mutants is also fully dependent on phytochrome A in far‐red and blue light, but not in red light. Hence, <jats:italic>SPA3</jats:italic> function in red light may be dependent on other phytochromes in addition to phytochrome A. Using yeast two‐hybrid and <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> interaction assays, we further show that SPA3 as well as SPA4 can physically interact with the constitutive repressor of light signaling COP1. Deletion analyses suggest that SPA3 and SPA4, like SPA1, bind to the coiled‐coil domain of COP1. Taken together, our results have identified two new loci coding for negative regulators that may be involved in fine tuning of light responses by interacting with COP1.</jats:p> The SPA1‐like proteins SPA3 and SPA4 repress photomorphogenesis in the light The Plant Journal |
spellingShingle | Laubinger, Sascha, Hoecker, Ute, The Plant Journal, The SPA1‐like proteins SPA3 and SPA4 repress photomorphogenesis in the light, Cell Biology, Plant Science, Genetics |
title | The SPA1‐like proteins SPA3 and SPA4 repress photomorphogenesis in the light |
title_full | The SPA1‐like proteins SPA3 and SPA4 repress photomorphogenesis in the light |
title_fullStr | The SPA1‐like proteins SPA3 and SPA4 repress photomorphogenesis in the light |
title_full_unstemmed | The SPA1‐like proteins SPA3 and SPA4 repress photomorphogenesis in the light |
title_short | The SPA1‐like proteins SPA3 and SPA4 repress photomorphogenesis in the light |
title_sort | the spa1‐like proteins spa3 and spa4 repress photomorphogenesis in the light |
title_unstemmed | The SPA1‐like proteins SPA3 and SPA4 repress photomorphogenesis in the light |
topic | Cell Biology, Plant Science, Genetics |
url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01813.x |