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Coastal upwelling off Peru and Mauritania inferred from helium isotope disequilibrium
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Biogeosciences 12(2015), 24, Seite 7519-7533 |
|---|---|
| Personen und Körperschaften: | , , , , |
| Titel: | Coastal upwelling off Peru and Mauritania inferred from helium isotope disequilibrium/ R. Steinfeldt, J. Sültenfuß, M. Dengler, T. Fischer and M. Rhein |
| Format: | E-Book-Kapitel |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| veröffentlicht: |
2015
|
| Gesamtaufnahme: |
: Biogeosciences, 12(2015), 24, Seite 7519-7533
, volume:12 |
| Quelle: | Verbunddaten SWB Lizenzfreie Online-Ressourcen |
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| 520 | |a Upwelling is an important process, bringing gases and nutrients into the ocean mixed layer. The upwelling velocities, however, are too small to be measured directly. Here we use the surface disequilibrium of the 3He / 4He ratio measured in two coastal upwelling regions off Peru in the Pacific ocean and off Mauritania in the Atlantic ocean to calculate the regional distribution of vertical velocities. To also account for the fluxes by diapycnal mixing, microstructure-based observations of the vertical diffusivity have been performed on all four cruises analysed in this study. The upwelling velocities in the coastal regions vary between 1.1 ± 0.3 × 10−5 and 2.8 ± 1.5 × 10−5 m s−1 for all cruises. Vertical velocities are also inferred from the divergence of the wind-driven Ekman transport. In the coastal regimes, both methods agree within the error range. Further offshore, the helium-derived vertical velocity still reaches 1 × 10−5 m s−1, whereas the wind-driven upwelling from Ekman suction is smaller by up to 1 order of magnitude. One reason for this difference is ascribed to eddy-induced upwelling. Both advective and diffusive nutrient fluxes into the mixed layer are calculated based on the helium-derived vertical velocities and the vertical diffusivities. The advective part of these fluxes makes up at about 50 % of the total. The nutrient flux into the mixed layer in the coastal upwelling regimes is equivalent to a net community production (NCP) of 1.3 ± 0.3 g C m2 d−1 off Peru and 1.6–2.1 ± 0.5 g C m2 d−1 off Mauritania. | ||
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| author | Steinfeldt, Reiner, Sültenfuß, Jürgen, Dengler, Marcus, Fischer, Tim, Rhein, Monika |
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| contents | Upwelling is an important process, bringing gases and nutrients into the ocean mixed layer. The upwelling velocities, however, are too small to be measured directly. Here we use the surface disequilibrium of the 3He / 4He ratio measured in two coastal upwelling regions off Peru in the Pacific ocean and off Mauritania in the Atlantic ocean to calculate the regional distribution of vertical velocities. To also account for the fluxes by diapycnal mixing, microstructure-based observations of the vertical diffusivity have been performed on all four cruises analysed in this study. The upwelling velocities in the coastal regions vary between 1.1 ± 0.3 × 10−5 and 2.8 ± 1.5 × 10−5 m s−1 for all cruises. Vertical velocities are also inferred from the divergence of the wind-driven Ekman transport. In the coastal regimes, both methods agree within the error range. Further offshore, the helium-derived vertical velocity still reaches 1 × 10−5 m s−1, whereas the wind-driven upwelling from Ekman suction is smaller by up to 1 order of magnitude. One reason for this difference is ascribed to eddy-induced upwelling. Both advective and diffusive nutrient fluxes into the mixed layer are calculated based on the helium-derived vertical velocities and the vertical diffusivities. The advective part of these fluxes makes up at about 50 % of the total. The nutrient flux into the mixed layer in the coastal upwelling regimes is equivalent to a net community production (NCP) of 1.3 ± 0.3 g C m2 d−1 off Peru and 1.6–2.1 ± 0.5 g C m2 d−1 off Mauritania. |
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| spelling | Steinfeldt, Reiner VerfasserIn aut, Coastal upwelling off Peru and Mauritania inferred from helium isotope disequilibrium R. Steinfeldt, J. Sültenfuß, M. Dengler, T. Fischer and M. Rhein, 2015, Text txt rdacontent, Computermedien c rdamedia, Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier, Upwelling is an important process, bringing gases and nutrients into the ocean mixed layer. The upwelling velocities, however, are too small to be measured directly. Here we use the surface disequilibrium of the 3He / 4He ratio measured in two coastal upwelling regions off Peru in the Pacific ocean and off Mauritania in the Atlantic ocean to calculate the regional distribution of vertical velocities. To also account for the fluxes by diapycnal mixing, microstructure-based observations of the vertical diffusivity have been performed on all four cruises analysed in this study. The upwelling velocities in the coastal regions vary between 1.1 ± 0.3 × 10−5 and 2.8 ± 1.5 × 10−5 m s−1 for all cruises. Vertical velocities are also inferred from the divergence of the wind-driven Ekman transport. In the coastal regimes, both methods agree within the error range. Further offshore, the helium-derived vertical velocity still reaches 1 × 10−5 m s−1, whereas the wind-driven upwelling from Ekman suction is smaller by up to 1 order of magnitude. One reason for this difference is ascribed to eddy-induced upwelling. Both advective and diffusive nutrient fluxes into the mixed layer are calculated based on the helium-derived vertical velocities and the vertical diffusivities. The advective part of these fluxes makes up at about 50 % of the total. The nutrient flux into the mixed layer in the coastal upwelling regimes is equivalent to a net community production (NCP) of 1.3 ± 0.3 g C m2 d−1 off Peru and 1.6–2.1 ± 0.5 g C m2 d−1 off Mauritania., Sültenfuß, Jürgen VerfasserIn aut, Dengler, Marcus 1967- VerfasserIn (DE-588)141438533 (DE-627)627343481 (DE-576)323889603 aut, Fischer, Tim 1969- VerfasserIn (DE-588)1019910054 (DE-627)685614174 (DE-576)359104428 aut, Rhein, Monika VerfasserIn (DE-588)143250396 (DE-627)704433001 (DE-576)33585835X aut, Enthalten in Biogeosciences Katlenburg-Lindau [u.a.] : Copernicus, 2004 12(2015), 24, Seite 7519-7533 Online-Ressource (DE-627)392963957 (DE-600)2158181-2 (DE-576)281256128 1726-4189 nnns, volume:12 year:2015 number:24 pages:7519-7533, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7519-2015 Resolving-System kostenfrei, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7519-2015 LFER, LFER 2020-04-07T00:00:00Z |
| spellingShingle | Steinfeldt, Reiner, Sültenfuß, Jürgen, Dengler, Marcus, Fischer, Tim, Rhein, Monika, Coastal upwelling off Peru and Mauritania inferred from helium isotope disequilibrium, Upwelling is an important process, bringing gases and nutrients into the ocean mixed layer. The upwelling velocities, however, are too small to be measured directly. Here we use the surface disequilibrium of the 3He / 4He ratio measured in two coastal upwelling regions off Peru in the Pacific ocean and off Mauritania in the Atlantic ocean to calculate the regional distribution of vertical velocities. To also account for the fluxes by diapycnal mixing, microstructure-based observations of the vertical diffusivity have been performed on all four cruises analysed in this study. The upwelling velocities in the coastal regions vary between 1.1 ± 0.3 × 10−5 and 2.8 ± 1.5 × 10−5 m s−1 for all cruises. Vertical velocities are also inferred from the divergence of the wind-driven Ekman transport. In the coastal regimes, both methods agree within the error range. Further offshore, the helium-derived vertical velocity still reaches 1 × 10−5 m s−1, whereas the wind-driven upwelling from Ekman suction is smaller by up to 1 order of magnitude. One reason for this difference is ascribed to eddy-induced upwelling. Both advective and diffusive nutrient fluxes into the mixed layer are calculated based on the helium-derived vertical velocities and the vertical diffusivities. The advective part of these fluxes makes up at about 50 % of the total. The nutrient flux into the mixed layer in the coastal upwelling regimes is equivalent to a net community production (NCP) of 1.3 ± 0.3 g C m2 d−1 off Peru and 1.6–2.1 ± 0.5 g C m2 d−1 off Mauritania. |
| title | Coastal upwelling off Peru and Mauritania inferred from helium isotope disequilibrium |
| title_auth | Coastal upwelling off Peru and Mauritania inferred from helium isotope disequilibrium |
| title_full | Coastal upwelling off Peru and Mauritania inferred from helium isotope disequilibrium R. Steinfeldt, J. Sültenfuß, M. Dengler, T. Fischer and M. Rhein |
| title_fullStr | Coastal upwelling off Peru and Mauritania inferred from helium isotope disequilibrium R. Steinfeldt, J. Sültenfuß, M. Dengler, T. Fischer and M. Rhein |
| title_full_unstemmed | Coastal upwelling off Peru and Mauritania inferred from helium isotope disequilibrium R. Steinfeldt, J. Sültenfuß, M. Dengler, T. Fischer and M. Rhein |
| title_in_hierarchy | Coastal upwelling off Peru and Mauritania inferred from helium isotope disequilibrium / R. Steinfeldt, J. Sültenfuß, M. Dengler, T. Fischer and M. Rhein, |
| title_short | Coastal upwelling off Peru and Mauritania inferred from helium isotope disequilibrium |
| title_sort | coastal upwelling off peru and mauritania inferred from helium isotope disequilibrium |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7519-2015 |